在python的官方文檔中:getattr()的解釋如下:
getattr(object, name[, default])Return the value of the named attribute of object. name must be a string. If the string is the name of one of the object's attributes, the result is the value of that attribute. For example, getattr(x, 'foobar') is equivalent to x.foobar. If the named attribute does not exist, default is returned if provided, otherwise AttributeError is raised.
根據(jù)屬性名稱返回對象值。如果“name”是對對象屬性的名稱,則返回對應(yīng)屬性的值。
'# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-'__author__ = 'lucas'class attrtest(object): def __init__(self): pass def trygetattr0(self): self.name = 'lucas' print self.name #equals to self.name print getattr(self,'name') def attribute1(self,para1): print 'attribute1 called and '+ para1+' is passed in as a parameter' def trygetattr(self): fun = getattr(self,'attribute1') print type(fun) fun('crown')if __name__=='__main__': test = attrtest() print 'getattr(self,/'name/') equals to self.name ' test.trygetattr0() print 'attribute1 is indirectly called by fun()' test.trygetattr() print 'attrribute1 is directly called' test.attribute1('tomato')
這段代碼執(zhí)行的結(jié)果是:
getattr(self,'name') equals to self.name lucaslucasattribute1 is indirectly called by fun()<type 'instancemethod'>attribute1 called and crown is passed in as a parameterattrribute1 is directly calledattribute1 called and tomato is passed in as a parameterProcess finished with exit code 0
第一個(gè)函數(shù)tryattribute0()非常好理解,就如同定義里說的一樣。第二個(gè)函數(shù)tryattribute1()就有一點(diǎn)費(fèi)解了。其實(shí)原理并不復(fù)雜,我們看到fun的type是 instancemethod,這里你可以認(rèn)為:對于函數(shù),getattr()的返回值是一個(gè)指針,指針賦值給接受它的變量,以后call這個(gè)變量就等于調(diào)用變量指向的函數(shù)。
原理我們知道了,那getattr的作用是什么呢?
你熟悉java或者c#中的反射么?反射的一個(gè)重要作用就是延遲加載,這樣可以解耦,這樣可以讓系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的更有效率。作為動(dòng)態(tài)語言,python顯然在這方面要更加強(qiáng)大,
getattr()就是實(shí)現(xiàn)python反射的一塊積木,結(jié)合其它方法如setattr(),dir() 等,我們可以做出很多有趣的事情。
我們看以下場景:
1.我需要在一個(gè)類中動(dòng)態(tài)添加其它類中有的方法:
#如果類A中有如下方法:def addnewattributesfromotherclass(self,class_name): func_names = dir(class_name) for func_name in func_names: if not func_name.startswith('_'): new_func = getattr(class_name,func_name) self.__setattr__(func_name,new_func())
我們只需要:
a = A()b = B()a.addnewattributesfromotherclass(b)
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