本文實(shí)例講述了Android Socket通信傳輸實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：
1.開篇簡(jiǎn)介
Socket本質(zhì)上就是Java封裝了傳輸層上的TCP協(xié)議（注：UDP用的是DatagramSocket類）。要實(shí)現(xiàn)Socket的傳輸，需要構(gòu)建客戶端和服務(wù)器端。另外，傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)可以是字符串和字節(jié)。字符串傳輸主要用于簡(jiǎn)單的應(yīng)用，比較復(fù)雜的應(yīng)用(比如Java和C++進(jìn)行通信)，往往需要構(gòu)建自己的應(yīng)用層規(guī)則(類似于應(yīng)用層協(xié)議)，并用字節(jié)來傳輸。
2.基于字符串傳輸?shù)腟ocket案例
1）服務(wù)器端代碼(基于控制臺(tái)的應(yīng)用程序，模擬)
import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.BufferedWriter;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;import java.io.PrintWriter;import java.net.ServerSocket;import java.net.Socket;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;public class Main { private static final int PORT = 9999; private List<Socket> mList = new ArrayList<Socket>(); private ServerSocket server = null; private ExecutorService mExecutorService = null; //thread pool public static void main(String[] args) { new Main(); } public Main() { try { server = new ServerSocket(PORT); mExecutorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); //create a thread pool System.out.println("服務(wù)器已啟動(dòng)..."); Socket client = null; while(true) { client = server.accept(); //把客戶端放入客戶端集合中 mList.add(client); mExecutorService.execute(new Service(client)); //start a new thread to handle the connection } }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } class Service implements Runnable { private Socket socket; private BufferedReader in = null; private String msg = ""; public Service(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; try { in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); //客戶端只要一連到服務(wù)器，便向客戶端發(fā)送下面的信息。 msg = "服務(wù)器地址：" +this.socket.getInetAddress() + "come toal:" +mList.size()+"（服務(wù)器發(fā)送）"; this.sendmsg(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { try { while(true) { if((msg = in.readLine())!= null) { //當(dāng)客戶端發(fā)送的信息為：exit時(shí)，關(guān)閉連接 if(msg.equals("exit")) { System.out.println("ssssssss"); mList.remove(socket); in.close(); msg = "user:" + socket.getInetAddress() + "exit total:" + mList.size(); socket.close(); this.sendmsg(); break; //接收客戶端發(fā)過來的信息msg，然后發(fā)送給客戶端。 } else { msg = socket.getInetAddress() + ":" + msg+"（服務(wù)器發(fā)送）"; this.sendmsg(); } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 循環(huán)遍歷客戶端集合，給每個(gè)客戶端都發(fā)送信息。 */ public void sendmsg() { System.out.println(msg); int num =mList.size(); for (int index = 0; index < num; index ++) { Socket mSocket = mList.get(index); PrintWriter pout = null; try { pout = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter(mSocket.getOutputStream())),true); pout.println(msg); }catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }}2）Android客戶端代碼
package com.amaker.socket;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.BufferedWriter;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;import java.io.PrintWriter;import java.net.Socket;import android.app.Activity;import android.app.AlertDialog;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.Message;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.TextView;public class SocketDemo extends Activity implements Runnable { private TextView tv_msg = null; private EditText ed_msg = null; private Button btn_send = null; // private Button btn_login = null; private static final String HOST = "10.0.2.2"; private static final int PORT = 9999; private Socket socket = null; private BufferedReader in = null; private PrintWriter out = null; private String content = ""; //接收線程發(fā)送過來信息，并用TextView顯示 public Handler mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { super.handleMessage(msg); tv_msg.setText(content); } }; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); tv_msg = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.TextView); ed_msg = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.EditText01); btn_send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button02); try { socket = new Socket(HOST, PORT); in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket .getInputStream())); out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter( socket.getOutputStream())), true); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); ShowDialog("login exception" + ex.getMessage()); } btn_send.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub String msg = ed_msg.getText().toString(); if (socket.isConnected()) { if (!socket.isOutputShutdown()) { out.println(msg); } } } }); //啟動(dòng)線程，接收服務(wù)器發(fā)送過來的數(shù)據(jù) new Thread(SocketDemo.this).start(); } /** * 如果連接出現(xiàn)異常，彈出AlertDialog！ */ public void ShowDialog(String msg) { new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("notification").setMessage(msg) .setPositiveButton("ok", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { } }).show(); } /** * 讀取服務(wù)器發(fā)來的信息，并通過Handler發(fā)給UI線程 */ public void run() { try { while (true) { if (!socket.isClosed()) { if (socket.isConnected()) { if (!socket.isInputShutdown()) { if ((content = in.readLine()) != null) { content += "/n"; mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage()); } else { } } } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }} 解析：除了isClose方法，Socket類還有一個(gè)isConnected方法來判斷Socket對(duì)象是否連接成功。 看到這個(gè)名字，也許讀者會(huì)產(chǎn)生誤解。 其實(shí)isConnected方法所判斷的并不是Socket對(duì)象的當(dāng)前連接狀態(tài)， 而是Socket對(duì)象是否曾經(jīng)連接成功過，如果成功連接過，即使現(xiàn)在isClose返回true， isConnected仍然返回true。因此，要判斷當(dāng)前的Socket對(duì)象是否處于連接狀態(tài)， 必須同時(shí)使用isClose和isConnected方法， 即只有當(dāng)isClose返回false，isConnected返回true的時(shí)候Socket對(duì)象才處于連接狀態(tài)。 雖然在大多數(shù)的時(shí)候可以直接使用Socket類或輸入輸出流的close方法關(guān)閉網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，但有時(shí)我們只希望關(guān)閉OutputStream或InputStream，而在關(guān)閉輸入輸出流的同時(shí)，并不關(guān)閉網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接。這就需要用到Socket類的另外兩個(gè)方法：shutdownInput和shutdownOutput，這兩個(gè)方法只關(guān)閉相應(yīng)的輸入、輸出流，而它們并沒有同時(shí)關(guān)閉網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的功能。和isClosed、isConnected方法一樣，Socket類也提供了兩個(gè)方法來判斷Socket對(duì)象的輸入、輸出流是否被關(guān)閉，這兩個(gè)方法是isInputShutdown()和isOutputShutdown()。 shutdownInput和shutdownOutput并不影響Socket對(duì)象的狀態(tài)。
2.基于字節(jié)的傳輸
基于字節(jié)傳輸?shù)臅r(shí)候，只需要把相應(yīng)的字符串和整數(shù)等類型轉(zhuǎn)換為對(duì)應(yīng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)字節(jié)進(jìn)行傳輸即可。具體關(guān)于如何把其轉(zhuǎn)換為網(wǎng)絡(luò)字節(jié)，請(qǐng)參《Java整型數(shù)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)字節(jié)序byte[]數(shù)組轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系詳解》。
希望本文所述對(duì)大家Android程序設(shè)計(jì)有所幫助。
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