一：注意事項
1：android6.0使用藍牙時，需要開啟gps定位權限，不然無法搜索其它藍牙設備。
二：權限
1：權限配置
<!--允許程序連接到已配對的藍牙設備--><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /><!-- 允許程序發現和配對藍牙設備 --><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> <!--android 6.0 涉及到的權限--><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" /><!-- 在SDCard中創建與刪除文件的權限 --><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/><!-- 往SDCard寫入數據的權限 --><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
2：動態權限代碼
由于需要用到存儲卡，定位等，android6.0以上需要代碼動態設置。
a)獲取定位設置
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) { boolean isLocat = isLocationOpen(getApplicationContext()); Toast.makeText(mContext, "isLo:" + isLocat, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); //開啟位置服務，支持獲取ble藍牙掃描結果 if (!isLocat) { Intent enableLocate = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS); startActivityForResult(enableLocate, 1); }} /** * 判斷位置信息是否開啟 * * @param context * @return */ private static boolean isLocationOpen(final Context context) { LocationManager manager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE); //gps定位 boolean isGpsProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER); //網絡定位 boolean isNetWorkProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER); return isGpsProvider || isNetWorkProvider; }b)存儲卡權限設置
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) { int write = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE); int read = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE); //動態請求讀寫sd卡權限 if (write != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || read != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, SD_CARD); }}然后通過onRequestPermissionsResult（）方法獲取動態權限的結果：
@Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) { switch (requestCode){ case SD_CARD: if(grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ //允許訪問 }else{ Toast.makeText(mContext,"您拒絕了程序訪問存儲卡",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } break; case COARES_LOCATION: break; } }三：藍牙搜索
android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter 是藍牙開發用得比較多，并且比較重要的一個類，可以設備藍牙名稱，打開，關閉，搜索等常規操作。
1 藍牙打開，以及搜索
藍牙打開和關閉信息使用BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED去接收廣播
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();mBluetoothAdapter.setName("blueTestPhone"); //判斷藍牙是否打開boolean originalBluetooth = (mBluetoothAdapter != null && mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled());if (originalBluetooth) { mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();} else if (originalBluetooth == false) { mBluetoothAdapter.enable();}藍牙打開后，我們可以獲取設備的藍牙信息
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); //獲取本機藍牙名稱 String name = mBluetoothAdapter.getName();//獲取本機藍牙地址 String address = mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();
搜索完成后，通過BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND廣播去接收結果，廣播代碼如下(注意：可能出現設備搜索不到的情況，設備需要開啟允許周圍設備搜索，或者通過程序來控制允許搜索的時間范圍)
/*確保藍牙被發現，在榮耀8手機上，設置了還是默認的2分鐘，所以以下幾句代碼程序中沒有，*/Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);//設置可見狀態的持續時間為300秒，但是最多是300秒discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);startActivityForResult(discoverableIntent, REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BLUETOOTH);private void initSearchBroadcast() { IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(); //發現設備 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); //設備配對狀態改變 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED); //藍牙設備狀態改變 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED); //開始掃描 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED); //結束掃描 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); //其它設備請求配對 intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST); //intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED); registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver, intentFilter); }private BroadcastReceiver bluetoothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction(); Logger.e(TAG + "mBluetoothReceiver action =" + action); try { if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action)) {//開始掃描 setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true); log1.setText("正在掃描設備，請稍候..."); } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {//結束掃描 Logger.e(TAG + "設備搜索完畢"); setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false); log1.setText("掃描完成"); bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); scanStatus = false; } else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {//發現設備 findDevice(intent); } else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {//藍牙配對狀態的廣播 BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播:" + device.getBondState()); switch (device.getBondState()) { case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING: Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播 正在配對......"); break; case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED: Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播 完成配對,本機自動配對"); bondDevices.add(device); unbondDevices.remove(device); bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); break; case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE: Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播 取消配對"); unbondDevices.add(device); bondDevices.remove(device); unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); default: break; } } else if (action.equals(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST)) {//其它設備藍牙配對請求 BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //當前的配對的狀態 try { String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/"; String deviceName = btDevice.getName(); Logger.e(TAG + "藍牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state); //1.確認配對，高版本無效,藍牙配對不是zuk的問題，而是安卓6.0的bug，凡是遇到藍牙適配問題的，請同時打開藍牙和定位，再去配對，基本90%都沒有問題了。 Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true); //2.終止有序廣播,如果沒有將廣播終止，則會出現一個一閃而過的配對框。 abortBroadcast(); //3.調用setPin方法進行配對... boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } } else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED)) {//藍牙開關狀態 // BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); int statue = mBluetoothAdapter.getState(); switch (statue) { case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF: Logger.e("藍牙狀態：,藍牙關閉"); ClsUtils.closeDiscoverableTimeout(mBluetoothAdapter); break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON: Logger.e("藍牙狀態：,藍牙打開"); ClsUtils.setDiscoverableTimeout(1000 * 60, mBluetoothAdapter); scanBluetooth(); break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF: Logger.e("藍牙狀態：,藍牙正在關閉"); mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON: Logger.e("藍牙狀態：,藍牙正在打開"); break; } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } };//發現設備的代碼如下 private void findDevice(Intent intent) throws Exception{ //獲取到設備對象 BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); String str = device.getName() + "|" + device.getAddress(); Logger.e("掃描到設備：" + str); if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {//判斷當前設備地址下的device是否已經配對 if (!bondDevices.contains(device)) { bondDevices.add(device); } } else { if (!unbondDevices.contains(device)) { unbondDevices.add(device); } if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) { boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device); Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus); } } Log.e("error", "搜索完畢，準備刷新!"); bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();}四：藍牙配對
正常情況下，藍牙匹配需要彈出一個匹配確認框，如下圖,但我想實現的是，匹配其中一方，不能手動點擊配對，因為發起藍牙連接的設備是android設備，是不能觸摸的，所以就要通過程序來解決這個問題，特別聲明：（測試的android設備，版本為5.x，并且已經root,沒有root的設備，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否實現自動匹配，因為我只有這個測試設備）。
1 當我們搜索到目標手機的藍牙后，android設備主動發起連接請求，代碼如下
if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) { boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device); Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus); }//發起藍牙匹配請求 public boolean createBond(Class btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice) throws Exception { Method createBondMethod = btClass.getMethod("createBond"); Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(btDevice); return returnValue.booleanValue();}2 當被匹配方點擊配對后，系統會通過BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED廣播告訴android設備，此時android設備就可以自動確認，通過這個流程來完成整個藍牙的配對,具體代碼如下
BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //當前的配對的狀態 try { String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/"; String deviceName = btDevice.getName(); Logger.e(TAG + "藍牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state); if(deviceName.equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)){//TEST_DEVICE_NAME 為被匹配藍牙設備的名稱，自己手動定義 Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true); abortBroadcast(); boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD); } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); }//確認配對public Object setPairingConfirmation(Class<?> btClass, BluetoothDevice device, boolean isConfirm) throws Exception { Method setPairingConfirmation = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPairingConfirmation", boolean.class); Object object = setPairingConfirmation.invoke(device, isConfirm); return object; }//配對需要調用的方法public boolean setPin(Class<? extends BluetoothDevice> btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice, String str) throws Exception { try { Method removeBondMethod = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPin", new Class[] {byte[].class}); Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) removeBondMethod.invoke(btDevice, new Object[] {str.getBytes()}); Log.e("returnValue", "" + returnValue); } catch (SecurityException e) { // throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return true; } 到目前為止，藍牙權限，以及動態權限，藍牙的打開，關閉，搜索，以及自動配對(特別聲明：（自動配對的android設備，版本為5.x，并且已經root,沒有root的設備，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否實現自動匹配，因為我只有這個測試設備）。)代碼至此結束。
demo代碼下載：github
總結
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Android藍牙通信之搜索藍牙設備，希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回復大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對VEVB武林網網站的支持！
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