AsyncTask也叫做“異步任務(wù)”,是一個(gè)抽象類
AsyncTask約定了在子線程中執(zhí)行任務(wù)的抽象方法,開(kāi)發(fā)者可以在自定義AsyncTask的實(shí)現(xiàn)類中重寫(xiě)該方法,
則AsyncTask在工作時(shí)會(huì)自動(dòng)開(kāi)啟子線程執(zhí)行相關(guān)代碼
AsyncTask類的聲明:
public abstract class AsyncTask<Param,Progress,Result>
Param 執(zhí)行異步任務(wù)后,需要參數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)類型
Progress 執(zhí)行異步任務(wù)過(guò)程中,標(biāo)識(shí)進(jìn)度的數(shù)據(jù)類型
Result 執(zhí)行異步任務(wù)后,需要返回的結(jié)果的數(shù)據(jù)類型
AsyncTask中的抽象方法: public abstract Result doInBackground(params... params)
讓AsyncTask開(kāi)始工作:
public final AsyncTask<params,Progress,Result> execute(params...params)
該方法被調(diào)用后,會(huì)自動(dòng)開(kāi)啟子線程并調(diào)用dnInBackground()方法,該方法必須在UI線程中調(diào)用
案例:
布局:
<Button android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_marginTop="104dp" android:onClick="doAsyncTask" android:text="開(kāi)始" />
MainActivity:
public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); System.out.println("onCreate" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); } public void doAsyncTask(View view){ new InnerAsyncTask().execute(""); } private class InnerAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Object, Object, Object>{ @Override protected Object doInBackground(Object... params) { for(int i = 0; i < 30;i++){ System.out.println("InnerAsyncTask" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return null; } } } AsyncTask更新UI
AsyncTask約定了任務(wù)執(zhí)行完畢后的回調(diào)方法,該方法并不是抽象的,開(kāi)發(fā)者可以選擇性的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
protected void onPostExecute(Result result)
該方法是運(yùn)行在主線程的方法
實(shí)例:
布局:
<Button android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_marginTop="104dp" android:onClick="doAsyncTask" android:text="開(kāi)始" /> <ImageView android:id="@+id/imageView1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@+id/button1" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_marginTop="22dp" android:src="@drawable/abs" />
MainActivity:
public class MainActivity extends Activity { private ImageView image; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView1); // System.out.println("onCreate" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); } public void doAsyncTask(View view){ new InnerAsyncTask().execute(""); } private class InnerAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String,Integer, Bitmap>{ @Override protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) { try { Thread.sleep(3000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.abc); } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) { image.setImageBitmap(result); } } } AsyncTask更新進(jìn)度
AsyncTask約定了任務(wù)執(zhí)行過(guò)程中,更新進(jìn)度的回調(diào)方法,該方法并不是抽象的,開(kāi)發(fā)者可以選擇性地實(shí)現(xiàn)。
protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values)(該方法運(yùn)行在主線程)
在任務(wù)執(zhí)行過(guò)程中,可以調(diào)用publishProgress()方法提交進(jìn)度,使得onProgressUpdate()方法被回調(diào)
實(shí)例
布局:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" > <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_pb" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="100%" android:visibility="gone" android:textSize="16sp"/> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_update" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_marginTop="104dp" android:onClick="doAsyncTask" android:text="開(kāi)始" /> <ImageView android:id="@+id/iv_image" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@+id/btn_update" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_marginTop="22dp" android:src="@drawable/abs" /> <ProgressBar android:id="@+id/pb_progress" style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:max="100" android:visibility="gone" android:layout_alignRight="@+id/btn_update" android:layout_marginTop="32dp" /> </RelativeLayout>
LoadImage:
public class LoadImage extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Object> { private Context context; private ImageView imageview; private Bitmap image; private Button button; private ProgressBar pg; private TextView tv; public LoadImage(Context context, Button button, ImageView imageview, ProgressBar pg, TextView tv) { this.context = context; this.imageview = imageview; this.button = button; this.pg = pg; this.tv = tv; } @Override protected Object doInBackground(String... params) { for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) { publishProgress(i); try { Thread.sleep(50); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } image = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), R.drawable.abc); return null; } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub pg.setProgress(values[0]); tv.setText(values[0] + "%"); } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Object result) { imageview.setImageBitmap(image); button.setEnabled(true); pg.setVisibility(View.GONE); tv.setVisibility(View.GONE); } } MainActivity:
public class MainActivity extends Activity { private ImageView image; private Button button; private ProgressBar pg; private TextView tv; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv_image); button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_update); pg = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.pb_progress); tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_pb); } public void doAsyncTask(View view){ button.setEnabled(false); pg.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); tv.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); new LoadImage(this,button,image,pg,tv).execute(""); } } AsyncTask是一個(gè)綜合了任務(wù)的執(zhí)行、進(jìn)度更新、結(jié)果提交的類,使用AsyncTask
可以集中的編寫(xiě)某個(gè)異步任務(wù)的全部代碼,而不必關(guān)心線程間的通信問(wèn)題,降低了
編碼出錯(cuò)幾率,并有效的提高了代碼的可閱讀性、可維護(hù)性等。
小案例之異步加載圖片
使用到的技術(shù): Canvas(畫(huà)布)、Paint(畫(huà)筆)
Canvas(畫(huà)布):用來(lái)決定畫(huà)布的基礎(chǔ)屬性,執(zhí)行繪制
Paint(畫(huà)筆):設(shè)置顏色、設(shè)置字體、其他的設(shè)置
同一次繪圖過(guò)程中,可能需要多個(gè)畫(huà)筆對(duì)象,或多次調(diào)整畫(huà)筆的屬性
使用Canvas:
public Canvas()
public Canvas(Bitmap bitmap)
public void drawRect(float left,float top,float right,float bottom,Paint paint)
public void drawBitmap(Bitmap bitmap,float left,float top,Paint paint)
public void drawText(String text,float x,float y,Paint paint)
使用Paint:
public Paint()
public native void setColr(int color)
public native void setAntiAlias(boolean aa)
public native void setTextSize(float textSize)
public void setTextAlign(Align align)
public Xfermode setXfermode(Xfermode xfermode)
總結(jié)
以上就是本文關(guān)于AsyncTask類實(shí)例詳解的全部?jī)?nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。有什么問(wèn)題可以隨時(shí)留言,歡迎大家交流討論。
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