用函數(shù)包裝來處理復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)過濾
另一個(gè)常見的需求是按URL里的關(guān)鍵字來過濾數(shù)據(jù)對象。 之前,我們在URLconf中硬編碼了出版商的名字,但是如果我們想用一個(gè)視圖就顯示某個(gè)任意指定的出版商的所有書籍,那該怎么辦呢? 我們可以通過對 object_list 通用視圖進(jìn)行包裝來避免 寫一大堆的手工代碼。 按慣例,我們先從寫URL配置開始:
urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^publishers/$', list_detail.object_list, publisher_info), **(r'^books/(/w+)/$', books_by_publisher),**)
接下來,我們寫 books_by_publisher 這個(gè)視圖:
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404from django.views.generic import list_detailfrom mysite.books.models import Book, Publisherdef books_by_publisher(request, name): # Look up the publisher (and raise a 404 if it can't be found). publisher = get_object_or_404(Publisher, name__iexact=name) # Use the object_list view for the heavy lifting. return list_detail.object_list( request, queryset = Book.objects.filter(publisher=publisher), template_name = 'books/books_by_publisher.html', template_object_name = 'book', extra_context = {'publisher': publisher} )
這樣寫沒問題,因?yàn)橥ㄓ靡晥D就是Python函數(shù)。 和其他的視圖函數(shù)一樣,通用視圖也是接受一些 參數(shù)并返回 HttpResponse 對象。 因此,通過包裝通用視圖函數(shù)可以做更多的事。
注意
注意在前面這個(gè)例子中我們在 extra_context中傳遞了當(dāng)前出版商這個(gè)參數(shù)。
處理額外工作
我們再來看看最后一個(gè)常用模式:
想象一下我們在 Author 對象里有一個(gè) last_accessed 字段,我們用這個(gè)字段來記錄最近一次對author的訪問。 當(dāng)然通用視圖 object_detail 并不能處理這個(gè)問題,但是我們?nèi)匀豢梢院苋菀椎鼐帉懸粋€(gè)自定義的視圖來更新這個(gè)字段。
首先,我們需要在URL配置里設(shè)置指向到新的自定義視圖:
from mysite.books.views import author_detailurlpatterns = patterns('', # ... **(r'^authors/(?P<author_id>/d+)/$', author_detail),** # ...)
接下來寫包裝函數(shù):
import datetimefrom django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404from django.views.generic import list_detailfrom mysite.books.models import Authordef author_detail(request, author_id): # Delegate to the generic view and get an HttpResponse. response = list_detail.object_detail( request, queryset = Author.objects.all(), object_id = author_id, ) # Record the last accessed date. We do this *after* the call # to object_detail(), not before it, so that this won't be called # unless the Author actually exists. (If the author doesn't exist, # object_detail() will raise Http404, and we won't reach this point.) now = datetime.datetime.now() Author.objects.filter(id=author_id).update(last_accessed=now) return response
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