一、簡介
XPath 是一門在 XML 文檔中查找信息的語言。XPath 可用來在 XML 文檔中對元素和屬性進行遍歷。XPath 是 W3C XSLT 標準的主要元素，并且 XQuery 和 XPointer 都構建于 XPath 表達之上。
二、安裝
pip3 install lxml
三、使用
1、導入
from lxml import etree
2、基本使用
from lxml import etreewb_data = """ <div> <ul> <li class="item-0"><a href="link1.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >first item</a></li> <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >second item</a></li> <li class="item-inactive"><a href="link3.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >third item</a></li> <li class="item-1"><a href="link4.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >fourth item</a></li> <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >fifth item</a> </ul> </div> """html = etree.HTML(wb_data)print(html)result = etree.tostring(html)print(result.decode("utf-8")) 從下面的結果來看，我們打印機html其實就是一個python對象，etree.tostring(html)則是不全里html的基本寫法，補全了缺胳膊少腿的標簽。
<Element html at 0x39e58f0><html><body><div> <ul> <li class="item-0"><a href="link1.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >first item</a></li> <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >second item</a></li> <li class="item-inactive"><a href="link3.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >third item</a></li> <li class="item-1"><a href="link4.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >fourth item</a></li> <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >fifth item</a> </li></ul> </div> </body></html>
3、獲取某個標簽的內容(基本使用)，注意，獲取a標簽的所有內容，a后面就不用再加正斜杠，否則報錯。
寫法一
html = etree.HTML(wb_data)html_data = html.xpath('/html/body/div/ul/li/a')print(html)for i in html_data: print(i.text)<Element html at 0x12fe4b8>first itemsecond itemthird itemfourth itemfifth item
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