前言
本文主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于C#基礎(chǔ)之Attribute和反射的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,分享出來供大家參考學(xué)習(xí),下面話不多說了,來一起看看詳細(xì)的介紹吧。
Attribute(特性)
Attribute是C#的一種語言特性,用于為各種實(shí)體(class,field,property)附加一些說明性信息, 并且可以在運(yùn)行時環(huán)境中檢索這些信息(通過反射)。
所有的Attribute必須繼承自Attribute類,按照約定,特性類的名稱帶有 Attribute 后綴。使用特性時可以包含或省略此后綴。
AttributeUsage
AttributeUsage是Attribute的Attribute,用于給自定義的Attribute加一些限定。
AttributeTargets指定你這個attribute限制用于哪類實(shí)體上,在這里,實(shí)體是指: class、method、constructor、field、property、GenericParameter或者用All,表明可用于所有實(shí)體。每個target標(biāo)記可以用|鏈接,如AttributeTargets.Class|AttributeTargets.Method表示這個attribute可用于class或者method。
下面例子表明了每種target的用法:
using System; namespace AttTargsCS { // This attribute is only valid on a class. [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class)] public class ClassTargetAttribute : Attribute { } // This attribute is only valid on a method. [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)] public class MethodTargetAttribute : Attribute { } // This attribute is only valid on a constructor. [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Constructor)] public class ConstructorTargetAttribute : Attribute { } // This attribute is only valid on a field. [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Field)] public class FieldTargetAttribute : Attribute { } // This attribute is valid on a class or a method. [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class|AttributeTargets.Method)] public class ClassMethodTargetAttribute : Attribute { } // This attribute is valid on a generic type parameter. [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.GenericParameter)] public class GenericParameterTargetAttribute : Attribute { } // This attribute is valid on any target. [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All)] public class AllTargetsAttribute : Attribute { } [ClassTarget] [ClassMethodTarget] [AllTargets] public class TestClassAttribute { [ConstructorTarget] [AllTargets] TestClassAttribute() { } [MethodTarget] [ClassMethodTarget] [AllTargets] public void Method1() { } [FieldTarget] [AllTargets] public int myInt; public void GenericMethod< [GenericParameterTarget, AllTargets] T>(T x) { } static void Main(string[] args) { } }}AllowMultiple
AllowMultiple表明了這個attribute可否多次應(yīng)用于同一個實(shí)體,默認(rèn)為false
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = true)] class MultiUseAttr : Attribute { } [MultiUseAttr, MultiUseAttr] class Class2 { } Inherited
Inherited表明這個attribute是否可以被繼承傳遞,即子類或子類從父類繼承的成員是否帶這個attribute,默認(rèn)為true
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method | AttributeTargets.Property | AttributeTargets.Field, Inherited = true)]public class InheritedAttribute : Attribute{} [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method | AttributeTargets.Property | AttributeTargets.Field, Inherited = false)]public class NotInheritedAttribute : Attribute{} using System;using System.Reflection; [InheritedAttribute]public class BaseA{ [InheritedAttribute] public virtual void MethodA() {}} public class DerivedA : BaseA{ public override void MethodA() {}} [NotInheritedAttribute] public class BaseB{ [NotInheritedAttribute] public virtual void MethodB() {}} public class DerivedB : BaseB{ public override void MethodB() {}} public class Example{ public static void Main() { Type typeA = typeof(DerivedA); Console.WriteLine("DerivedA has Inherited attribute: {0}", typeA.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(InheritedAttribute), true).Length > 0); MethodInfo memberA = typeA.GetMethod("MethodA"); Console.WriteLine("DerivedA.MemberA has Inherited attribute: {0}/n", memberA.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(InheritedAttribute), true).Length > 0); Type typeB = typeof(DerivedB); Console.WriteLine("DerivedB has Inherited attribute: {0}", typeB.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(InheritedAttribute), true).Length > 0); MethodInfo memberB = typeB.GetMethod("MethodB"); Console.WriteLine("DerivedB.MemberB has Inherited attribute: {0}", memberB.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(InheritedAttribute), true).Length > 0); }}// The example displays the following output:// DerivedA has Inherited attribute: True// DerivedA.MemberA has Inherited attribute: True// // DerivedB has Inherited attribute: False// DerivedB.MemberB has Inherited attribute: False反射
Reflection,中文翻譯為反射,是審查元數(shù)據(jù)并收集關(guān)于它的類型信息的能力。元數(shù)據(jù)(編譯以后的最基本數(shù)據(jù)單元)就是一大堆的表,當(dāng)編譯程序集或者模塊時,編譯器會創(chuàng)建一個類定義表,一個字段定義表,和一個方法定義表等。
反射是.Net中獲取運(yùn)行時類型信息的方式,.Net的應(yīng)用程序由幾個部分:‘程序集(Assembly)'、‘模塊(Module)'、‘類型(class)'組成,而反射提供一種編程的方式,讓程序員可以在程序運(yùn)行期獲得這幾個組成部分的相關(guān)信息, Assemblies contain modules. Modules contain classes. Classes contain functions.

System.reflection命名空間包含的幾個類,允許你反射(解析)這些元數(shù)據(jù)表的代碼
System.Reflection.AssemblySystem.Reflection.MemberInfoSystem.Reflection.EventInfoSystem.Reflection.FieldInfoSystem.Reflection.MethodBaseSystem.Reflection.ConstructorInfoSystem.Reflection.MethodInfoSystem.Reflection.PropertyInfoSystem.Type

以下是上面幾個類的使用方法:
反射的作用:
使用反射獲取類型
public void Process(object processObj){Type t = processsObj.GetType();if(t.GetInterface(“ITest”) !=null) …}創(chuàng)建一個對象
public class TestClass { private string _value; public TestClass() { } public TestClass(string value) { _value = value; } public string GetValue( string prefix ) { if( _value==null ) return "NULL"; else return prefix+" : "+_value; } //獲取類型信息Type t = Type.GetType("TestSpace.TestClass");//構(gòu)造器的參數(shù)object[] constuctParms = new object[]{"timmy"};//根據(jù)類型創(chuàng)建對象object dObj = Activator.CreateInstance(t,constuctParms);//獲取方法的信息MethodInfo method = t.GetMethod("GetValue");//調(diào)用方法的一些標(biāo)志位,這里的含義是Public并且是實(shí)例方法,這也是默認(rèn)的值BindingFlags flag = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance;//GetValue方法的參數(shù)object[] parameters = new object[]{"Hello"};//調(diào)用方法,用一個object接收返回值object returnValue = method.Invoke(dObj,flag,Type.DefaultBinder,parameters,null);總結(jié)
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