Spring事務Transaction配置的五種注入方式詳解

2019-11-26 12:32:15

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前段時間對spring的事務配置做了比較深入的研究，在此之間對Spring的事務配置雖說也配置過，但是一直沒有一個清楚的認識。通過這次的學習發覺Spring的事務配置只要把思路理清，還是比較好掌握的。

總結如下：

Spring配置文件中關于事務配置總是由三個組成部分，分別是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理機制這三部分，無論哪種配置方式，一般變化的只是代理機制這部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager這兩部分只是會根據數據訪問方式有所變化，比如使用hibernate進行數據訪問時，DataSource實際為SessionFactory，TransactionManager的實現為HibernateTransactionManager。

具體如下圖：

根據代理機制的不同，總結了五種Spring事務的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一種方式：每個Bean都有一個代理

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">   <bean id="sessionFactory"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  </bean>   <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->  <bean id="transactionManager"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  </bean>   <!-- 配置DAO -->  <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  </bean>   <bean id="userDao"  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">  <!-- 配置事務管理器 -->  <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />  <!-- 配置事務屬性 -->  <property name="transactionAttributes">  <props>  <prop key="*"> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>  </props>  </property>  </bean>  </beans>

第二種方式：所有Bean共享一個代理基類

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">   <bean id="sessionFactory"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  </bean>   <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->  <bean id="transactionManager"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  </bean>   <bean id="transactionBase"  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  lazy-init="true" abstract="true">  <!-- 配置事務管理器 -->  <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  <!-- 配置事務屬性 -->  <property name="transactionAttributes">  <props>  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>  </props>  </property>  </bean>   <!-- 配置DAO -->  <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  </bean>   <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase">  <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  </bean>  </beans>

第三種方式：使用攔截器

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">   <bean id="sessionFactory"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  </bean>   <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->  <bean id="transactionManager"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  </bean>   <bean id="transactionInterceptor"  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">  <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  <!-- 配置事務屬性 -->  <property name="transactionAttributes">  <props>  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>  </props>  </property>  </bean>   <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">  <property name="beanNames">  <list>  <value> *Dao </value>  </list>  </property>  <property name="interceptorNames">  <list>  <value> transactionInterceptor </value>  </list>  </property>  </bean>   <!-- 配置DAO -->  <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  </bean>  </beans>

第四種方式：使用tx標簽配置的攔截器

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">   <context:annotation-config />  <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />   <bean id="sessionFactory"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  </bean>   <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->  <bean id="transactionManager"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  </bean>   <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">  <tx:attributes>  <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  </tx:attributes>  </tx:advice>   <aop:config>  <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"  expression="execution(*com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />  <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"  pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />  </aop:config>  </beans>

第五種方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <bean id="sessionFactory"    class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">   <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />   <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean>  <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->  <bean id="transactionManager"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> </beans>

此時在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;import java.util.List;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;@Transactional@Component("userDao")public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao { public List<User> listUsers() {  return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list(); }  }

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