簡介
Fastlane是一套使用Ruby寫的自動(dòng)化工具集,用于iOS和Android的自動(dòng)化打包、發(fā)布等工作,可以節(jié)省大量的時(shí)間。
Github:https://github.com/fastlane/fastlane
官網(wǎng):https://fastlane.tools/
文檔:https://docs.fastlane.tools/
安裝
1、首先要安裝正確的 Ruby 版本。在終端窗口中用下列命令來確認(rèn):
ruby -v
2、然后檢查 Xcode 命令行工具是否安裝。在終端窗口中輸入命令:
xcode-select --install
如果未安裝,終端會(huì)開始安裝,如果報(bào)錯(cuò)誤:command line tools are already installed, use "Software Update" to install updates.代表已經(jīng)安裝。
3、以上依賴配置好之后就可以通過 rubygem 進(jìn)行安裝了:
$ sudo gem install fastlane
安心等待一會(huì),fastlane就安裝完成了。
初始化
打開終端,cd到你的工程目錄,然后執(zhí)行fastlane init:
$ cd to/your/ios/project $ fastlane init[14:21:43]: Detected iOS/Mac project in current directory...[14:21:43]: This setup will help you get up and running in no time.[14:21:43]: fastlane will check what tools you're already using and set up[14:21:43]: the tool automatically for you. Have fun! [14:21:43]: Created new folder './fastlane'.[14:21:43]: $ xcodebuild -showBuildSettings -project ./xxx.xcodeproj[14:21:48]: Your Apple ID (e.g. fastlane@krausefx.com): xxx@xxx.xom[14:21:54]: Verifying that app is available on the Apple Developer Portal and iTunes Connect...[14:21:54]: Starting login with user 'xxx@xxx.com'+----------------+--------------------------------------+| Detected Values |+----------------+--------------------------------------+| Apple ID | xxx@xxx.com || App Name | xxx || App Identifier | com.xxx.xxx || Project | /Users/lisong/Desktop/xxx/x || | xx.xcodeproj |+----------------+--------------------------------------+[14:22:06]: Please confirm the above values (y/n)y[14:22:09]: Created new file './fastlane/Appfile'. Edit it to manage your preferred app metadata information.[14:22:09]: Loading up 'deliver', this might take a few seconds[14:22:09]: Login to iTunes Connect (xxx@xxx.com)[14:22:13]: Login successful+-----------------------+------------------------+| deliver 2.30.1 Summary |+-----------------------+------------------------+| screenshots_path | ./fastlane/screenshots || metadata_path | ./fastlane/metadata || username | xxx@xxx.com || app_identifier | com.xxx.xxx || edit_live | false || platform | ios || skip_binary_upload | false || skip_screenshots | false || skip_metadata | false || force | false || submit_for_review | false || automatic_release | false || dev_portal_team_id | WKR87TTKML || overwrite_screenshots | false |+-----------------------+------------------------+[14:22:21]: Writing to 'fastlane/metadata/zh-Hans/description.txt'...[14:22:21]: Writing to 'fastlane/metadata/review_information/notes.txt'[14:22:21]: Successfully created new configuration files.[14:22:22]: Successfully downloaded large app icon[14:22:22]: Downloading all existing screenshots...[14:22:27]: Downloading existing screenshot '1_iphone4_1.1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'···[14:22:34]: Downloading existing screenshot '5_iphone6_5.5.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'[14:22:34]: Successfully downloaded all existing screenshots[14:22:34]: Successfully created new Deliverfile at path 'fastlane/Deliverfile'[14:22:34]: $ xcodebuild -list -project ./xxx.xcodeproj[14:22:35]: 'snapshot' not enabled.[14:22:35]: 'cocoapods' enabled.[14:22:35]: 'carthage' not enabled.[14:22:35]: Created new file './fastlane/Fastfile'. Edit it to manage your own deployment lanes.[14:22:35]: fastlane will collect the number of errors for each action to detect integration issues[14:22:35]: No sensitive/private information will be uploaded[14:22:35]: Learn more at https://github.com/fastlane/fastlane#metrics[14:22:35]: Successfully finished setting up fastlane
在 “Your Apple ID” 這一步輸入蘋果開發(fā)者賬號。在“Please confirm the above values”這一步,確認(rèn)信息,沒問題輸入 y。然后,fastlane 會(huì)進(jìn)行一系列的初始化操作,包括下載 App Store 上的元數(shù)據(jù)和截屏文件。
等待初始化完成之后,工程目錄下就多了一個(gè) fastlane目錄,其內(nèi)容如下:
咱們來看兩個(gè)主要的,Appfile和Fastfile。
Appfile
Appfile用來存放app_identifier,apple_id和team_id。 了解詳情,它的格式是這樣的:
app_identifier "com.xxx.xxx" # app的bundle identifierapple_id "xxx@xxx.com" # 你的Apple IDteam_id "XXXXXXXXXX" # Team ID
你也可以為每個(gè)lane(后面會(huì)講到)提供不同的 app_identifier, apple_id 和 team_id,例如:
app_identifier "com.aaa.aaa"apple_id "aaa@aaa.com"team_id "AAAAAAAAAA"for_lane :inhouse do app_identifier "com.bbb.bbb" apple_id "bbb@bbb.com" team_id "AAAAAAAAAA"end
這里就是為Fastfile中定義的:inhouse設(shè)置單獨(dú)的信息。
Fastfile
Fastfile管理你所創(chuàng)建的 lane ,了解詳情。它的格式是這樣的:
···# 自動(dòng)更新fastlane 工具# update_fastlane#需要的fastlane的最小版本,在每次執(zhí)行之后會(huì)檢查是否有新版本,如果有會(huì)在最后末尾追加新版本提醒fastlane_version "2.30.1"#默認(rèn)使用平臺(tái)是 ios,也就是說文件可以定義多個(gè)平臺(tái)default_platform :iosplatform :ios do before_all do # ENV["SLACK_URL"] = "https://hooks.slack.com/services/..." cocoapods end desc "Runs all the tests" lane :test do scan end desc "提交一個(gè)新的Beta版本到 Apple TestFlight" desc "This will also make sure the profile is up to date" lane :beta do # match(type: "appstore") # more information: https://codesigning.guide gym(scheme: "Docment") # Build your app - more options available pilot # sh "your_script.sh" end desc "部署一個(gè)新版本到App Store" lane :release do # match(type: "appstore") # snapshot gym(scheme: "Docment") # Build your app - more options available deliver(force: true) # frameit end # 你可以定義自己的lane #執(zhí)行l(wèi)ane成功后的回調(diào) after_all do |lane| # slack( # message: "Successfully deployed new App Update." # ) end # 如果流程發(fā)生異常會(huì)走這里并終止 error do |lane, exception| # slack( # message: exception.message, # success: false # ) endend我們也可以定義一個(gè)自己的lane: desc "企業(yè)版" lane :inHouse do gym(scheme: "XXX", export_method:"enterprise", output_directory "./build", # 打包后的 ipa 文件存放的目錄 output_name "XXX" # ipa 文件名 ) end
其中一個(gè)lane就是一個(gè)任務(wù),里面是一個(gè)個(gè)的action組成的工作流。
利用目前支持的工具可以做所有包含自動(dòng)化和可持續(xù)化構(gòu)建的每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),例如:
scan 自動(dòng)化測試工具,很好的封裝了 Unit Test
sigh 針對于 iOS 項(xiàng)目開發(fā)證書和 Provision file 的下載工具
match 同步團(tuán)隊(duì)每個(gè)人的證書和 Provision file 的超贊工具
gym 針對于 iOS 編譯打包生成 ipa 文件
deliver 用于上傳應(yīng)用的二進(jìn)制代碼,應(yīng)用截屏和元數(shù)據(jù)到 App Store
snapshot 可以自動(dòng)化iOS應(yīng)用在每個(gè)設(shè)備上的本地化截屏過程
執(zhí)行
定義完lane之后怎么執(zhí)行呢?打開終端,切換到項(xiàng)目的根目錄:執(zhí)行fastlane lane'name就可以了。成功之后會(huì)在相應(yīng)的路徑下生成ipa文件,如果報(bào)錯(cuò)的話就根據(jù)錯(cuò)誤信息好好查看文檔。
其他
1、這里是官方提供的一些例子。
2、想了解fastlane命令的話可以執(zhí)行$ fastlane –help
3、查看可用任務(wù)的列表,可以執(zhí)行命令$ fastlane lanes
4、fastlane也提供了很多插件方便我們使用,例如pgyer(發(fā)布app到蒲公英)。我們也可以打完包直接傳到蒲公英上,具體的可以看蒲公英提供的文檔。
如果你感覺有些插件不符合自己的情況,你甚至可以自定義插件
5、多個(gè) lane 的話實(shí)際上是可以相互調(diào)用的,這個(gè)其實(shí)特別實(shí)用。例如:
default_platform :iosplatform :ios do lane :prepare do cocoapods match end desc 'fastlane build' 'fastlane build type:adhoc' lane :build do |options| # 調(diào)用上面的 prepare 任務(wù) prepare case options[:type] when 'adhoc' adhoc else appstore end end lane : adhoc do ··· end lane : appstore do ··· endend
我們可以在 Fastfile 文件中添加一個(gè)函數(shù)來設(shè)置version號和build號。
default_platform :ios
def prepare_version(options) increment_version_number( version_number: options[:version] ) increment_build_number( build_number: options[:build] )end
然后可以在一個(gè)lane中使用這個(gè)函數(shù):
lane :appstore do |options| ··· prepare_version(options) ···end
然后執(zhí)行這個(gè)lane的時(shí)候:
$ fastlane appstore version:2.4.0 build:2.0
好啦,先說到這里吧,F(xiàn)astlane能做的事情還有很多,大家可以去好好看看文檔,研究一些高級的用法吧!
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