在數據庫和服務啟動過程中，經常會出現的問題：

1.SQL Server實例無法正常啟動

2.系統數據庫無法正常啟動

3.網絡配置失敗

4.用戶數據庫無法啟動

5.集群環境下SQL Server資源無法保持在線

目錄

5.啟動SQL Server服務和數據庫... 1

5.1 SQL Server服務啟動步驟... 1

5.1.1 從注冊表中讀取SQL Server啟動信息... 1

5.1.2 檢查硬件，配置內存和CPU.. 2

5.1.3 數據庫啟動... 3

5.1.4 準備網絡... 4

5.2 數據庫狀態切換... 5

5.2.1 Recovering. 5

5.2.2 Online. 6

5.2.3 RECOVERY PENDING.. 6

5.2.4 SUSPECT. 6

5.2.5 EMERGENCY. 6

5.2.6 RESTORING.. 6

5.2.7 Offline. 6

5.3 數據庫長時間處于RECOVERING狀態... 7

5.3.1 多線程并行處理重做和回滾... 7

5.3.2 延遲事務... 7

5.4 數據庫無法啟動的常見問題... 7

5.4.1 Master數據庫不能啟動... 7

5.4.2 資源數據庫... 7

5.4.3 model數據庫... 8

5.4.4 tempdb數據庫... 8

5.4.5 用戶數據庫... 8

5.5 集群環境下，數據庫資源不能ONLINE的常見問題... 10

Sqlservr.exe啟動會去注冊表中找自己所在實例的注冊表信息。這些配置信息存放在HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL11.X/MSSQLServer下。有幾個比較重要的信息：

1.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL11.X/MSSQLServer下，LoginMode：表示是windows驗證還是混合驗證，Audit Level：設置是否記錄用戶登錄信息。

2.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL11.X/MSSQLServer /Parameters下是實例的啟動參數

3.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL11.X/MSSQLServer /SuperSocketNetLib下記錄了監聽的網絡和訪問方式的。

由于要讀取注冊表信息和SQL Server的資源文件，需要啟動服務賬號有很足夠的權限。那么無法啟動實例，甚至連errorlog都無法啟動。

可以使用PRocess Monitor進行監控。如果發現有access DENIED那么說明有權限問題。

如果SQL Server要啟動，必須正確的創建出日志文件，如果注冊表內-e參數指定的不夠正確就會出現報錯，無法啟動。

等創建出errorlog之后，所有的啟動過程就可以從errorlog中看出來了。

Errorlog先會打印出SQL Server版本號和Windows版本號，啟動參數和進程基本信息：

2014-05-04 14:42:07.05 Server Microsoft SQL Server 2014 - 12.0.2000.8 (X64)

Feb 20 2014 20:04:26

Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation

Enterprise Edition (64-bit) on Windows NT 6.1 <X64> (Build 7601: Service Pack 1)

2014-05-04 14:42:07.08 Server UTC adjustment: 8:00

2014-05-04 14:42:07.08 Server (c) Microsoft Corporation.

2014-05-04 14:42:07.08 Server All rights reserved.

2014-05-04 14:42:07.08 Server Server process ID is 4252.

2014-05-04 14:42:07.08 Server System Manufacturer: 'System manufacturer', System Model: 'System Product Name'.

2014-05-04 14:42:07.09 Server Authentication mode is MIXED.

2014-05-04 14:42:07.10 Server Logging SQL Server messages in file 'C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER/MSSQL/Log/ERRORLOG'.

2014-05-04 14:42:07.10 Server The service account is 'FanrCo-PC/Administrator'. This is an informational message; no user action is required.

2014-05-04 14:42:07.10 Server Registry startup parameters:

-d C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER/MSSQL/DATA/master.mdf

-e C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER/MSSQL/Log/ERRORLOG

-l C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER/MSSQL/DATA/mastlog.ldf

2014-05-04 14:42:07.10 Server Command Line Startup Parameters:

-s "MSSQLSERVER"

之后或讀取出服務器的配置信息，包括處理器和內存，以及進程的優先級：

2014-05-04 14:42:08.73 Server SQL Server detected 1 sockets with 2 cores per socket and 2 logical processors per socket, 2 total logical processors; using 2 logical processors based on SQL Server licensing. This is an informational message; no user action is required.

2014-05-04 14:42:08.73 Server SQL Server is starting at normal priority base (=7). This is an informational message only. No user action is required.

2014-05-04 14:42:08.73 Server Detected 3838 MB of RAM. This is an informational message; no user action is required.

2014-05-04 14:42:08.76 Server Using conventional memory in the memory manager.

之后會顯示NUMA信息和lock的信息，或為每個節點分配2500個鎖塊，5000個鎖擁有者

注意，在32bit系統下，每個鎖塊需要64字節，鎖擁有者32字節，64bit下，鎖塊96字節，鎖擁有者56個字節：

2014-05-04 14:42:10.38 Server Node configuration: node 0: CPU mask: 0x0000000000000003:0 Active CPU mask: 0x0000000000000003:0. This message provides a description of the NUMA configuration for this computer. This is an informational message only. No user action is required.

2014-05-04 14:42:10.40 Server Using dynamic lock allocation. Initial allocation of 2500 Lock blocks and 5000 Lock Owner blocks per node. This is an informational message only. No user action is required.

顯示CLR版本信息和默認TRACE的開啟：

2014-05-04 14:42:11.33 Server CLR version v4.0.30319 loaded.

2014-05-04 14:42:12.44 spid8s Resource governor reconfiguration succeeded.

2014-05-04 14:42:12.49 spid8s SQL Server Audit is starting the audits. This is an informational message. No user action is required.

2014-05-04 14:42:12.60 spid8s SQL Server Audit has started the audits. This is an informational message. No user action is required.

2014-05-04 14:42:13.93 spid8s SQL Trace ID 1 was started by login "sa".

2014-05-04 14:42:14.09 spid8s Server name is 'FANRCO-PC'. This is an informational message only. No user action is required.

系統數據庫的啟動順序是master，msdb，mssqlsystemresource，model，tempdb，也可以在errorlog中找到相關信息：

2014-05-04 14:42:10.57 spid8s Starting up database 'master'.

2014-05-04 14:42:16.67 spid21s Starting up database 'msdb'.

2014-05-04 14:42:16.67 spid22s Starting up database 'AdventureWorks2012'.

2014-05-04 14:42:16.74 spid10s Starting up database 'mssqlsystemresource'.

2014-05-04 14:42:16.74 spid23s Starting up database 'tst'.

2014-05-04 14:42:16.75 spid24s Starting up database 'AdventureWorksDW2012'.

2014-05-04 14:42:18.27 spid10s Starting up database 'model'.

2014-05-04 14:42:19.42 spid10s Clearing tempdb database.