Nginx服務器屏蔽與禁止屏蔽網絡爬蟲的方法

2024-08-30 12:30:18

字體：大中小

來源：轉載

供稿：網友

每個網站通常都會遇到很多非搜索引擎的爬蟲，這些爬蟲大部分都是用于內容采集或是初學者所寫，它們和搜索引擎的爬蟲不一樣，沒有頻率控制，往往會消耗大量服務器資源，導致帶寬白白浪費了。

其實Nginx可以非常容易地根據User-Agent過濾請求，我們只需要在需要URL入口位置通過一個簡單的正則表達式就可以過濾不符合要求的爬蟲請求：

location / {  if ($http_user_agent ~* "python|curl|java|wget|httpclient|okhttp") {    return 503;  }  # 其它正常配置  ...}

注意：變量$http_user_agent是一個可以直接在location中引用的Nginx變量。~*表示不區分大小寫的正則匹配，通過python就可以過濾掉80%的Python爬蟲。

Nginx中禁止屏蔽網絡爬蟲

server {     listen    80;     server_name www.xxx.com;     #charset koi8-r;     #access_log logs/host.access.log main;     #location / {     #  root  html;     #  index index.html index.htm;     #}   if ($http_user_agent ~* "qihoobot|Baiduspider|Googlebot|Googlebot-Mobile|Googlebot-Image|Mediapartners-Google|Adsbot-Google|Feedfetcher-Google|Yahoo! Slurp|Yahoo! Slurp China|YoudaoBot|Sosospider|Sogou spider|Sogou web spider|MSNBot|ia_archiver|Tomato Bot") {         return 403;     }   location ~ ^/(.*)$ {         proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;     proxy_redirect     off;     proxy_set_header    Host $host;     proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP $remote_addr;     proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;     client_max_body_size  10m;     client_body_buffer_size 128k;     proxy_connect_timeout  90;     proxy_send_timeout   90;     proxy_read_timeout   90;     proxy_buffer_size    4k;     proxy_buffers      4 32k;     proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;     proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;   }     #error_page 404       /404.html;     # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html     #     error_page  500 502 503 504 /50x.html;     location = /50x.html {       root  html;     }     # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80     #     #location ~ /.php$ {     #  proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1;     #}     # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000     #     #location ~ /.php$ {     #  root      html;     #  fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;     #  fastcgi_index index.php;     #  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;     #  include    fastcgi_params;     #}     # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root     # concurs with nginx's one     #     #location ~ //.ht {     #  deny all;     #}   }

可以用 curl 測試一下