先說基本用法：
先按11G之前進行
conn / as sysdba;
create user test identifed by test;
ORA-65096: 公用用戶名或角色名無效.
查官方文檔得知“試圖創建一個通用用戶，必需要用C##或者c##開頭”，這時候心里會有疑問，什么是common user？不管先建成功了再說
create C##user test identifed by test;
創建成功
SQL>show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4066409480 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 2270995695 PDBORCL MOUNTED
SQL>alter session set container=PDBORCL;
這時再用create user test identifed by test;建立用戶就可以了。
CDB和PDB是ORACLE 12C一個很亮的新特性,由于他們的引入導致傳統的ORACLE數據庫管理理念不少發生了改變,這里列舉了部分最基本的cdb和pdb管理方式
cdb和pdb關系圖
ORACLE 12C版本
SQL> select * from v$version; BANNER CON_ID-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0CORE 12.1.0.1.0 Production 0TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
啟動關閉pdb
SQL> startupORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 597098496 bytesFixed Size 2291072 bytesVariable Size 272632448 bytesDatabase Buffers 314572800 bytesRedo Buffers 7602176 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED 4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database pdb1 open; Pluggable database altered. SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 3313918585 PDB1 READ WRITE 4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database pdb1 close; Pluggable database altered. SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED 4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database all open; Pluggable database altered. SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 3313918585 PDB1 READ WRITE 4 3872456618 PDB2 READ WRITE SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database all close; Pluggable database altered. SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED 4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED SQL> alter session set container=pdb1; Session altered. SQL> startupPluggable Database opened.SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 3 3313918585 PDB1 READ WRITE
pdb的管理可以在cdb中進行也可以在pdb中進行,如果是cdb中進行,需要PLUGGABLE關鍵字,如果是pdb中直接和普通數據庫一樣
登錄pdb
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAY-2013 08:07:02 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - ProductionStart Date 11-MAY-2013 18:30:54Uptime 0 days 13 hr. 36 min. 8 secTrace Level offSecurity ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP OFFListener Parameter File /u01/app/grid/product/12.1/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/xifenfei/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/oracle/12.1/db_1/admin/cdb/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))Services Summary...Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "cdb" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "cdbXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "pdb1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "pdb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ tnsping pdb1 TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAY-2013 08:07:09 Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the aliasAttempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xifenfei)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1)))OK (20 msec)[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 12 08:08:02 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to:Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analyticsand Real Application Testing options SQL> show con_name; CON_NAME------------------------------PDB1 [oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 12 08:09:14 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to:Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analyticsand Real Application Testing options SQL> alter session set container=pdb1; Session altered. SQL> show con_name; CON_NAME------------------------------PDB1
pdb可以通過alter session container進入也可以直接通過tns方式登錄
創建用戶
SQL> show con_name; CON_NAME------------------------------CDB$ROOT SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 3313918585 PDB1 READ WRITE 4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED SQL> create user xff identified by xifenfei;create user xff identified by xifenfei *ERROR at line 1:ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name SQL> !oerr ora 6509665096, 00000, "invalid common user or role name"// *Cause: An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name// that wass not valid for common users or roles. In addition to// the usual rules for user and role names, common user and role // names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII // characters.// *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name.// SQL> create user c##xff identified by xifenfei; User created. SQL> SELECT USERNAME,CON_ID,USER_ID FROM CDB_USERS WHERE USERNAME='C##XFF'; USERNAME CON_ID USER_ID---------- ---------- ----------C##XFF 1 103C##XFF 3 104 SQL> alter session set container=pdb1; Session altered. SQL> show con_name CON_NAME------------------------------PDB1SQL> create user xff identified by xifenfei; User created. SQL> create user c##abc identified by xifenfei;create user c##abc identified by xifenfei *ERROR at line 1:ORA-65094: invalid local user or role name
創建用戶默認的是container=all,在cdb中只能創建全局用戶(c##開頭),會在cdb和所有的pdb中創建該用戶(但是pdb中的全局用戶需要另外授權才能夠在pdb中訪問)。在pdb中只能創建的用戶為本地用戶
用戶授權
SQL> grant connect to c##xff; Grant succeeded. SQL> select GRANTEE,con_id from cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where GRANTED_ROLE='CONNECT' AND GRANTEE='C##XFF'; GRANTEE CON_ID------------------------------ ----------C##XFF 1 SQL> grant resource to c##xff container=all; Grant succeeded. SQL> select GRANTEE,con_id from cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where GRANTED_ROLE='RESOURCE' AND GRANTEE='C##XFF'; GRANTEE CON_ID------------------------------ ----------C##XFF 1C##XFF 3
用戶授權默認情況下是只會給當前container,在cdb中也可以指定container=all,對所有open的pdb且存在該用戶都進行授權
修改參數
SQL> alter system set open_cursors=500 container=all; System altered. SQL> conn sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as sysdbaConnected.SQL> show parameter open_cursors; NAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------open_cursors integer 500SQL> alter system set open_cursors=100; alter system set open_cursors=100*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01219: database or pluggable database not open: queries allowed on fixedtables or views only SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> alter system set open_cursors=100; System altered. SQL> show parameter open_cursors; NAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------open_cursors integer 100SQL> conn / as sysdbaConnected.SQL> show parameter open_cursors; NAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------open_cursors integer 500
這里可以看到在cdb中修改,pdb會繼承進去;如果在pdb中修改會覆蓋pdb從cdb中繼承的參數含義
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