1 常規錯誤的yum安裝方法：
在前文中記述了CentOS 6.5系統中通過yum方式快速地搭建了LNMP環境，那么是否也能在CentOS 7或CentOS 7.1系統中依葫蘆畫瓢安裝MySql5.6.24呢？答案是否定的。
[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel.....................。....省略部分安裝過程.........................。Installed: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 Dependency Installed: keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.12.2-14.el7 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-7.el7 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.2-6.el7 libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.9-3.el7 libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.4 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-14.el7 zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-13.el7 Complete!
從上面的安裝結果可以看出，沒有安裝mysql數據庫，而是安裝了mariadb數據！因為在CentOS 7和CentOS 7.1系統中，默認安裝的mysql是它的分支mariadb。這里引用下百度百科關于mariadb的描述：
MariaDB數據庫管理系統是MySQL的一個分支，主要由開源社區在維護，采用GPL授權許可 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能輕松成為MySQL的代替品。
因此，下面這些正常的MySQL操作都是無效的：
#######無法把mysql服務加入系統啟動[root@typecodes ~]# chkconfig mysqld onerror reading information on service mysqld: No such file or directory#######啟動不了mysql[root@typecodes ~]# service mysqld startRedirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.serviceFailed to issue method call: Unit mysqld.service failed to load: No such file or directory.#######沒有安裝mysql相關包[root@typecodes ~]# rpm -qa |grep mysqlphp-mysql-5.4.16-23.el7_0.3.x86_64[root@typecodes ~]#
2 正確的安裝方法：
眾所周知，Linux系統自帶的repo是不會自動更新每個軟件的最新版本（基本都是比較靠后的穩定版），所以無法通過yum方式安裝MySQL的高級版本。所以我們需要先安裝帶有當前可用的mysql5系列社區版資源的rpm包。
#######安裝rpm包[root@typecodes ~]# rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpmPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-release-el7-5 ################################# [100%]
這時查看當前可用的mysql安裝資源：
[root@typecodes ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 14mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 17mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 139
從上面的列表可以看出， mysql56-community/x86_64 和 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 可以使用。
因此，我們就可以直接用yum方式安裝了MySQL5.6版本了。
[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: axelget, langpacksNo metadata available for baseNo metadata available for epelNo metadata available for extras(Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)repomd.xml | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 update mysql-connectors-community metadata successfully(Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)repomd.xml | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 update mysql-tools-community metadata successfully(Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)repomd.xml | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 update mysql56-community metadata successfullyNo metadata available for updatesmysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql56-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 (1/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db | 7.3 kB 00:00:00 (2/3): mysql56-community/x86_64/primary_db | 83 kB 00:00:01 mysql-tools-community/x86_64/p FAILED ============================================== ] 19 kB/s | 92 kB 00:00:00 ETA http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 3 seconds')Trying other mirror.(3/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db | 15 kB 00:00:00 Resolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted--> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 for package: 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch--> Running transaction check---> Package mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted---> Package mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size=======================================================================================================================================================================Installing: mysql-community-client x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 19 M replacing mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mysql-community-devel x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 3.4 M replacing mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 2.0 M replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mysql-community-server x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 58 MInstalling for dependencies: mysql-community-common x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 256 k perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 base 32 k perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 base 57 k perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 base 802 k perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 base 260 k perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 base 51 k perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 base 36 kTransaction Summary=======================================================================================================================================================================Install 4 Packages (+7 Dependent packages)Total download size: 83 MDownloading packages:mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 3.4 MB 00:00:03 mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 19 MB 00:00:05 mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 58 MB 00:00:11 mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.0 MB 00:00:02 perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 0 B 00:00:01 ... perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 802 kB 00:00:00 (1/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 57 kB 00:00:00 (2/6): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 51 kB 00:00:00 (3/6): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm | 36 kB 00:00:00 (4/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 32 kB 00:00:00 (5/6): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 260 kB 00:00:00 warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql56-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 00:00:01 ETA Public key for mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed(6/6): mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 256 kB 00:00:01 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 388 kB/s | 692 kB 00:00:01 Retrieving key from file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysqlImporting GPG key 0x5072E1F5: Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5 Package : mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed) From : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysqlRunning transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transactionWarning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 1/14 Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 2/14 Installing : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 3/14 Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 4/14 Installing : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 5/14 Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 6/14 Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 7/14 Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 8/14 Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 9/14 Installing : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 10/14 Installing : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 11/14 Erasing : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 12/14 Erasing : 1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 13/14 Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 14/14 Verifying : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 1/14 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 2/14 Verifying : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 3/14 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 4/14 Verifying : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 5/14 Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 6/14 Verifying : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 7/14 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 8/14 Verifying : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 9/14 Verifying : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 10/14 Verifying : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 11/14 Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 12/14 Verifying : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 13/14 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 14/14 Installed: mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 Dependency Installed: mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 Replaced: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 Complete!
3 MySQL安裝完成后，進行相關配置
安裝完MySQL后，需要進行一些基礎配置工作：
#######安裝成功后，將其加入開機啟動[root@typecodes ~]# systemctl enable mysqld#######啟動mysql服務進程[root@typecodes ~]# systemctl start mysqld#######配置mysql（設置密碼等）[root@typecodes ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the currentpassword for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, andyou haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,so you should just press enter here.Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on...Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQLroot user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y [設置root用戶密碼]New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully!Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success!By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyoneto log into MySQL without having to have a user account created forthem. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installationgo a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into aproduction environment.Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y [刪除匿名用戶] ... Success!Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. Thisensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y [禁止root遠程登錄] ... Success!By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone canaccess. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removedbefore moving into a production environment.Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y [刪除test數據庫] - Dropping test database...ERROR 1008 (HY000) at line 1: Can't drop database 'test'; database doesn't exist ... Failed! Not critical, keep moving... - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success!Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so farwill take effect immediately.Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y [刷新權限] ... Success!All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQLinstallation should now be secure.Thanks for using MySQL!Cleaning up...
4.可能有效的MySQL配置優化
在原始配置文件 /etc/my.cnf 基礎上，在 [mysqld] 節內增加配置參數。實際應用中，請按硬件及負載酌情修改。
#add by feng 120418 --------------------------#skip-lockingskip-name-resolveskip-external-lockingkey_buffer_size = 256M#table_cache = 3072table_open_cache = 3072read_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 2Msort_buffer_size = 2Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 256Mthread_cache_size = 8query_cache_size= 512Mquery_cache_limit= 5Mtmp_table_size=1024Mmax_heap_table_size=3000Mmax_allowed_packet = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 512Minnodb_log_file_size = 512Minnodb_additional_mem_pool_size=512Minnodb_log_buffer_size=64Mmax_connections=2000max_user_connections=800join_buffer_size = 8Mopen_files_limit = 65535#tmpdir=/dev/shmmax_connect_errors=1000#add by feng 120418 end ---------------------
