A、MySQL 備份工具xtrabackup 的安裝

1. percona 官方xtrabackup 的二進制版本；二進制版本解壓就能用了。

2. 解壓xtrabackup & 創建連接

tar -xzvf percona-xtrabackup-2.3.4-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
ln -s /usr/local/percona-xtrabackup-2.3.4 /usr/local/xtrabackup

3. 設置PATH環境變量
export PATH=/usr/local/xtrabackup/bin/:$PATH    

B、在mysql數據庫中創建一個用戶備份的用戶 & 授權

1. 創建用戶

        create user backuper@'localhost' identified by 'backup123';
        create user backuper@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'backup123';

2. 授權

grant reload,lock tables,replication client,process,super on *.* to 'backuper'@'localhost';
        grant create,insert,select on percona_schema.xtrabackup_history to 'backuper'@'localhost';
        grant reload,lock tables,replication client,process,super on *.* to 'backuper'@'127.0.0.1';
        grant create,insert,select on percona_schema.xtrabackup_history to 'backuper'@'127.0.0.1';

C、備份前的檢查，這一步的主要目地是在之后做還原操作時，驗證還原是不是有效；(生產是沒有這一步的,

1. select * from tempdb.dict__major;
   select * from dict__major;

        +--------------+-----------------+
        | column_value | column_mean     |
        +--------------+-----------------+
        |            1 | 漢語言文學      |
        |            2 | 精算            |
        |            3 | 生物制藥        |
        |            4 | 材料化學        |
        |            5 | 商務英語        |
        |            6 | 考古            |
        |            7 | 外交            |