SPFILE的備份與恢復一
2024-07-21 02:34:00
供稿：網友
六. SPFILE的備份與恢復
在本文開篇我們提到，Oracle把Spfile也納入到Rman的備份恢復策略當中，假如你配置了控制文件自動備份(autoback)，那么Oracle會在數據庫發生重大變化(如增減表空間)時自動進行控制文件及Spfile文件的備份。
下面我們來看一下這個過程:
a. 設置控制文件自動備份:
[oracle@jumper oracle]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - PRodUCtion
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311)
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> exit
這個設置可以在數據庫中通過如下方式查詢得到:
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Jan 17 01:08:05 2004
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL> select * from v$rman_configuration;
CONF# NAME VALUE
---------- ------------------------- ----------
1 CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON
b. 記錄數據庫變化
SQL> create tablespace eygle
2 datafile '/data1/oracle/oradata/eygle01.dbf'
3 size 5M;
Tablespace created.
假如新創建一個表空間，這時候檢查alert<sid>.log文件，你可以在其中發現這樣的備份信息:
Sat Jan 17 00:55:57 2004Starting control autobackupControl autobackup written to DISK devicehandle '/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/c-1052178311-20040117-00'Completed: create tablespace eygledatafile '/data1/oracle/oradata/eygle01.dbf’
假如使用rman進行備份，在提示中你可以看到如下信息:
RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel ch1 type disk format='e:/oracle/orabak/penny%t.arc';
4> backup archivelog all delete all input;
5> release channel ch1;
6> }
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: sid=13 devtype=DISK
Starting backup at 02-DEC-03
current log archived
channel ch1: starting archive log backupset
channel ch1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=63 recid=168 stamp=511712617
input archive log thread=1 sequence=64 recid=169 stamp=511712620
input archive log thread=1 sequence=65 recid=170 stamp=511712626
input archive log thread=1 sequence=66 recid=171 stamp=511712690
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 02-DEC-03
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 02-DEC-03
piece handle=E:/ORACLE/ORABAK/PENNY511712693.ARC comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ch1: deleting archive log(s)
archive log filename=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/PENNY/ARCHIVE/1_63.DBF recid=168 stamp=511712617
archive log filename=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/PENNY/ARCHIVE/1_64.DBF recid=169 stamp=511712620
archive log filename=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/PENNY/ARCHIVE/1_65.DBF recid=170 stamp=511712626
archive log filename=E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/PENNY/ARCHIVE/1_66.DBF recid=171 stamp=511712690
Finished backup at 02-DEC-03
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-DEC-03
piece handle=E:/ORACLE/ORA92/DATABASE/C-3627775766-20031202-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-DEC-03
released channel: ch1
我們簡單看一下自動備份的控制文件及spfile文件的格式及命名規則:
c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ
c ------------------------控制文件
IIIIIIIIII---------DBID
YYYYMMDD------------時間戳
QQ----------------------序號00-FF，16進制表示
c. 使用自動備份恢復spfile文件
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311)
RMAN> restore spfile to '/tmp/spfileeygle.ora' from autobackup;
Starting restore at 17-JAN-04
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=18 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20040117
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-1052178311-20040117-01
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete
Finished restore at 17-JAN-04
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ ls -l /tmp/spfileeygle.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 3584 1月 17 09:34 /tmp/spfileeygle.ora
你同樣可以通過這種方法恢復控制文件，示例如下:
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311)
RMAN> restore controlfile to '/tmp/control01.ctl' from autobackup;
Starting restore at 17-JAN-04
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=10 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20040117
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-1052178311-20040117-02
channel ORA_DISK_1: controlfile restore from autobackup complete
Finished restore at 17-JAN-04
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ ls -l /tmp/control*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1892352 1月 17 09:44 /tmp/control01.ctl
Oracle9i自動備份控制文件的功能給我們帶來了極大的收益,通過自動備份,在數據庫出現緊急狀況的時候,你可能可以從這個自動備份中獲得更為有效及時的控制文件.
缺省的,這個自動備份功能是關閉的,你可以用我們上面提到的方法打開該功能.
七. 設置Events事件
Events事件是Oracle的重要診斷工具及問題解決辦法，很多時候需要通過Events設置來屏蔽或者更改Oracle的行為，下面我們來看一下怎樣修改spfile，增加Events事件設置：
SQL> alter system set event='10841 trace name context forever' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 101782380 bytes
Fixed Size 451436 bytes
Variable Size 75497472 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter event
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
event string 10841 trace name context forever
順便提一句，10841事件是用于解決Oracle9i中JDBC Thin Driver問題的一個方法，假如你的alert.log文件中出現以下錯誤提示:
Wed Jan 7 17:17:08 2004
Errors in file /opt/oracle/admin/phsdb/udump/phsdb_ora_1775.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, argument
