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利用PHP編程防范XSS跨站腳本攻擊

2024-05-04 23:04:08
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供稿:網(wǎng)友
  國內(nèi)不少論壇都存在跨站腳本漏洞,國外也很多這樣的例子,甚至google也出現(xiàn)過,不過在12月初時(shí)修正了。(編者注:關(guān)于跨站腳本漏洞攻擊,讀者可參閱《詳解xss跨站腳本攻擊》)。跨站攻擊很容易就可以構(gòu)造,而且非常隱蔽,不易被查覺(通常盜取信息后馬上跳轉(zhuǎn)回原頁面)。

  如何攻擊,在此不作說明(也不要問我),主要談?wù)勅绾畏婪丁J紫龋缯灸_本攻擊都是由于對(duì)用戶的輸入沒有進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的過濾造成的,所以我們必須在所有數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)入我們的網(wǎng)站和數(shù)據(jù)庫之前把可能的危險(xiǎn)攔截。針對(duì)非法的html代碼包括單雙引號(hào)等,可以使用htmlentities() 。

<?php
$str = "a 'quote' is <b>bold</b>";

// outputs: a 'quote' is <b>bold</b>
echo htmlentities($str);

// outputs: a 'quote' is <b>bold</b>
echo htmlentities($str, ent_quotes);
?>

  這樣可以使非法的腳本失效。

  但是要注意一點(diǎn),htmlentities()默認(rèn)編碼為 iso-8859-1,如果你的非法腳本編碼為其它,那么可能無法過濾掉,同時(shí)瀏覽器卻可以識(shí)別和執(zhí)行。這個(gè)問題我先找?guī)讉€(gè)站點(diǎn)測(cè)試后再說。

  這里提供一個(gè)過濾非法腳本的函數(shù):

function removexss($val) {
 // remove all non-printable characters. cr(0a) and lf(0b) and tab(9) are allowed
 // this prevents some character re-spacing such as <java/0script>
 // note that you have to handle splits with /n, /r, and /t later since they *are* allowed in some inputs
 $val = preg_replace('/([/x00-/x08][/x0b-/x0c][/x0e-/x20])/', '', $val);

 // straight replacements, the user should never need these since they're normal characters
 // this prevents like <img src=&#x40&#x61&#x76&#x61&#x73&#x63&#x72&#x69&#x70&#x74&#x3a&#x61&
    _#x6c&#x65&#x72&#x74&#x28&#x27&#x58&#x53&#x53&#x27&#x29>
 $search = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
 $search .= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
 $search .= '[email protected]#$%^&*()';
 $search .= '~`";:?+/={}[]-_|/'//';
 for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($search); $i++) {
  // ;? matches the ;, which is optional
  // 0{0,7} matches any padded zeros, which are optional and go up to 8 chars

  // &#x0040 @ search for the hex values
  $val = preg_replace('/(&#[x|x]0{0,8}'.dechex(ord($search[$i])).';?)/i', $search[$i], $val); // with a ;
  // &#00064 @ 0{0,7} matches '0' zero to seven times
  $val = preg_replace('/(&#0{0,8}'.ord($search[$i]).';?)/', $search[$i], $val); // with a ;
 }

 // now the only remaining whitespace attacks are /t, /n, and /r
 $ra1 = array('javascript', 'vbscript', 'expression', 'applet', 'meta', 'xml', 'blink', 'link', 'style', 'script', 'embed', 'object', 'iframe', 'frame', 'frameset', 'ilayer', 'layer', 'bgsound', 'title', 'base');
$ra2 = array('onabort', 'onactivate', 'onafterprint', 'onafterupdate', 'onbeforeactivate', 'onbeforecopy', 'onbeforecut', 'onbeforedeactivate', 'onbeforeeditfocus', 'onbeforepaste', 'onbeforeprint', 'onbeforeunload', 'onbeforeupdate', 'onblur', 'onbounce', 'oncellchange', 'onchange', 'onclick', 'oncontextmenu', 'oncontrolselect', 'oncopy', 'oncut', 'ondataavailable', 'ondatasetchanged', 'ondatasetcomplete', 'ondblclick', 'ondeactivate', 'ondrag', 'ondragend', 'ondragenter', 'ondragleave', 'ondragover', 'ondragstart', 'ondrop', 'onerror', 'onerrorupdate', 'onfilterchange', 'onfinish', 'onfocus', 'onfocusin', 'onfocusout', 'onhelp', 'onkeydown', 'onkeypress', 'onkeyup', 'onlayoutcomplete', 'onload', 'onlosecapture', 'onmousedown', 'onmouseenter', 'onmouseleave', 'onmousemove', 'onmouseout', 'onmouseover', 'onmouseup', 'onmousewheel', 'onmove', 'onmoveend', 'onmovestart', 'onpaste', 'onpropertychange', 'onreadystatechange', 'onreset', 'onresize', 'onresizeend', 'onresizestart', 'onrowenter', 'onrowexit', 'onrowsdelete', 'onrowsinserted', 'onscroll', 'onselect', 'onselectionchange', 'onselectstart', 'onstart', 'onstop', 'onsubmit', 'onunload');
 $ra = array_merge($ra1, $ra2);

 $found = true; // keep replacing as long as the previous round replaced something
 while ($found == true) {
  $val_before = $val;
  for ($i = 0; $i < sizeof($ra); $i++) {
   $pattern = '/';
   for ($j = 0; $j < strlen($ra[$i]); $j++) {
    if ($j > 0) {
     $pattern .= '(';
     $pattern .= '(&#[x|x]0{0,8}([9][a][b]);?)?';
     $pattern .= '|(&#0{0,8}([9][10][13]);?)?';
     $pattern .= ')?';
    }
   $pattern .= $ra[$i][$j];
  }
  $pattern .= '/i';
  $replacement = substr($ra[$i], 0, 2).'<x>'.substr($ra[$i], 2); // add in <> to nerf the tag
  $val = preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $val); // filter out the hex tags
  if ($val_before == $val) {
   // no replacements were made, so exit the loop
   $found = false;
  }
 }
}
}


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