1、 php片段四種表示形式。
標準tags:<?php ?>
short tags:<? ?> 需要在php.ini中設置short _open_tag=on,默認是on
asp tags: <% %>需要在php.ini中設置asp_tags=on,默認是off
script tags:<script language=”php”></script>
2、 php變量及數據類型
1)$variable ,變量以字母、_開始,不能有空格
2)賦值$variable=value;
3)弱類型,直接賦值,不需要顯示聲明數據類型
4)基本數據類型:integer,double,string,boolean,object(對象或類),array(數組)
5)特殊數據類型:resourse(對第三方資源(如數據庫)的引用),null(空,未初始化的變量)
3、 操作符
1)賦值操作符:=
2)算術操作符:+,-,*,/,%(取模)
3)連接操作符:. ,無論操作數是什么,都當成string,結果返回string
4)combined assignment operators合計賦值操作符:+=,*=,/=,-=,%=,.=
5)automatically incrementing and decrementing自動增減操作符:
(1)$variable+=1 <=>$variable++;$variable-=1 <=>$variable-,跟c語言一樣,先做其他操作,后++或-
(2)++$variable,-$variable,先++或-,再做其他操作
6)比較操作符:= =(左邊等于右邊),!=(左邊不等于右邊),= = =(左邊等于右邊,且數據類型相同),>=,>,<,<=
7)邏輯操作符:|| ó or,&&óand,xor(當左右兩邊有且只有一個是true,返回true),!
4、 注釋:
單行注釋:// ,#
多行注釋:/* */
5、 每個語句以;號結尾,與java相同
6、 定義常量:define(“constans_name”,value)
7、 打印語句:print,與c語言相同
8、 流程控制語句
1)if語句:
(1)if(expression)
{
//code to excute if expression evaluates to true
}
(2)if(expression)
{
}
else
{
}
(3)if(expression1)
{
}
elseif(expression2)
{
}
else
{
}
2)swich語句
switch ( expression )
{
case result1:
// execute this if expression results in result1
break;
case result2:
// execute this if expression results in result2
break;
default:
// execute this if no break statement
// has been encountered hitherto
}
3)?操作符:
( expression )?returned_if_expression_is_true:returned_if_expression_is_false;
4)while語句:
(1) while ( expression )
{
// do something
}
(2)do
{
// code to be executed
} while ( expression );
5)for語句:
for ( initialization expression; test expression; modification expression ) {
// code to be executed
}
6)break;continue
9、 編寫函數
1)定義函數:
function function_name($argument1,$argument2,……) //形參
{
//function code here;
}
2)函數調用
function_name($argument1,$argument2,……); //形參
3)動態函數調用(dynamic function calls):
1: <html>
2: <head>
3: <title>listing 6.5</title>
4: </head>
5: <body>
6: <?php
7: function sayhello() { //定義函數sayhello
8: print "hello<br>";
9: }
10: $function_holder = "sayhello"; //將函數名賦值給變量$function_holder
11: $function_holder(); //變量$function_holder成為函數sayhello的引用,調用$function_holder()相當于調用sayhello
12: ?>
13: </body>
14: </html>
4)變量作用域:
全局變量:
1: <html>
2: <head>
3: <title>listing 6.8</title>
4: </head>
5: <body>
6: <?php
7: $life=42;
8: function meaningoflife() {
9: global $life;
/*在此處重新聲明$life為全局變量,在函數內部訪問全局變量必須這樣,如果在函數內改變變量的值,將在所有代碼片段改變*/
10: print "the meaning of life is $life<br>";
11: }
12: meaningoflife();
13: ?>
14: </body>
15: </html>
5)使用static
1: <html>
2: <head>
3: <title>listing 6.10</title>
4: </head>
5: <body>
6: <?php
7: function numberedheading( $txt ) {
8: static $num_of_calls = 0;
9: $num_of_calls++;
10: print "<h1>$num_of_calls. $txt</h1>";
11: }
12: numberedheading("widgets"); //第一次調用時,打印$num_of_calls值為1
13: print("we build a fine range of widgets<p>");
14: numberedheading("doodads"); /*第一次調用時,打印$num_of_calls值為2,因為變量是static型的,static型是常駐內存的*/
15: print("finest in the world<p>");
16: ?>
17: </body>
18: </html>
6) 傳值(value)和傳址(reference):
傳值:function function_name($argument)
1: <html>
2: <head>
3: <title>listing 6.13</title>
4: </head>
5: <body>
6: <?php
7: function addfive( $num ) {
8: $num += 5;
9: }
10: $orignum = 10;
11: addfive( &$orignum );
12: print( $orignum );
13: ?>
14: </body>
15: </html>
結果:10
傳址:funciton function_name(&$argument)
1: <html>
2: <head>
3: <title>listing 6.14</title>
4: </head>
5: <body>
6: <?php
7: function addfive( &$num ) {
8: $num += 5; /*傳遞過來的是變量$num的引用,因此改變形參$num的值就是真正改變變量$orignum物理內存中保存的值*/
9: }
10: $orignum = 10;
11: addfive( $orignum );
12: print( $orignum );
13: ?>
14: </body>
15: </html>
結果:15
7)創建匿名函數:create_function(‘string1’,’string2’); create_function是php內建函數,專門用于創建匿名函數,接受兩個string型參數,第一個是參數列表,第二個是函數的主體
1: <html>
2: <head>
3: <title>listing 6.15</title>
4: </head>
5: <body>
6: <?php
7: $my_anon = create_function( '$a, $b', 'return $a+$b;' );
8: print $my_anon( 3, 9 );
9: // prints 12
10: ?>
11: </body>
12: </html>
8)判斷函數是否存在:function_exists(function_name),參數為函數名
10、用php連接mysql
1)連接:&conn=mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass");
2)關閉連接:mysql_close($conn);
3) 數據庫與連接建立聯系:mysql_select_db(database name, connection index);
4) 將sql語句給mysql執行:$result = mysql_query($sql, $conn); //增刪改查都是這句
5) 檢索數據:返回記錄數:$number_of_rows = mysql_num_rows($result);
將記錄放入數組:$newarray = mysql_fetch_array($result);
例子:
1: <?php
2: // open the connection
3: $conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass");
4: // pick the database to use
5: mysql_select_db("testdb",$conn);
6: // create the sql statement
7: $sql = "select * from testtable";
8: // execute the sql statement
9: $result = mysql_query($sql, $conn) or die(mysql_error());
10: //go through each row in the result set and display data
11: while ($newarray = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
12: // give a name to the fields
13: $id = $newarray['id'];
14: $testfield = $newarray['testfield'];
15: //echo the results onscreen
16: echo "the id is $id and the text is $testfield <br>";
17: }
18: ?>
11、接受表單元素:$_post[表單元素名],
如<input type=text name=user>ó$_post[user]
接受url中querystring中值(get方式):$_get[querystring]
12、轉向其他頁面:header("location: http://www.survivalescaperooms.com");
13、字符串操作:
1)explode(“-”,str)ójava中的splite
2)str_replace($str1,$str2,$str3) =>$str1要查找的字符串,$str2用來替換的字符串,$str3從這個字符串開始查找替換
3)substr_replace:
14、session:
1)打開session:session_start(); //也可以在php.ini設置session_auto_start=1,不必再每個script都寫這句,但是默認為0,則必須要寫。
2)給session賦值:$_session[session_variable_name]=$variable;
3)訪問session:$variable =$_session[session_variable_name];
4)銷毀session:session_destroy();
15、顯示分類的完整例子:
1: <?php
2: //connect to database
3: $conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass")
4: or die(mysql_error());
5: mysql_select_db("testdb",$conn) or die(mysql_error());
6:
7: $display_block = "<h1>my categories</h1>
8: <p>select a category to see its items.</p>";
9:
10: //show categories first
11: $get_cats = "select id, cat_title, cat_desc from
12: store_categories order by cat_title";
13: $get_cats_res = mysql_query($get_cats) or die(mysql_error());
14:
15: if (mysql_num_rows($get_cats_res) < 1) { //如果返回記錄行數小于1,則說明沒有分類
16: $display_block = "<p><em>sorry, no categories to browse.</em></p>";
17: } else {
18:
19: while ($cats = mysql_fetch_array($get_cats_res)) { //將記錄放入變量$cats中
20:$cat_id = $cats[id];
21:$cat_title = strtoupper(stripslashes($cats[cat_title]));
22:$cat_desc = stripslashes($cats[cat_desc]);
23:
24: $display_block .= "<p><strong><a
25: href=/"$_server[php_self][u1] ?cat_id=$cat_id/">$cat_title</a></strong>//點擊此url,刷新本頁,第28行讀取cat_id,顯示相應分類的條目
26: <br>$cat_desc</p>";
27:
28:if ($_get[cat_id] == $cat_id) { //選擇一個分類,看下面的條目
29: //get items
30: $get_items = "select id, item_title, item_price
31: from store_items where cat_id = $cat_id
32: order by item_title";
33: $get_items_res = mysql_query($get_items) or die(mysql_error());
34:
35: if (mysql_num_rows($get_items_res) < 1) {
36: $display_block = "<p><em>sorry, no items in
37: this category.</em></p>";
38: } else {
39:
40: $display_block .= "<ul>";
41:
42: while ($items = mysql_fetch_array($get_items_res)) {
43: $item_id = $items[id];
44: $item_title = stripslashes($items[item_title]);
45: $item_price = $items[item_price];
46:
47: $display_block .= "<li><a
48: href=/"showitem.php?item_id=$item_id/">$item_title</a>
49: </strong> (/$$item_price)";
[u2] 50: }
51:
52: $display_block .= "</ul>";
53: }
54: }
55: }
56: }
57: ?>
58: <html>
59: <head>
60: <title>my categories</title>
61: </head>
62: <body>
63: <? print $display_block; ?>
64: </body>
65: </html>
16、php連接access:
<?
$dbc=new com("adodb.connection");
$dbc->open("driver=microsoft access driver (*.mdb);dbq=c:/member.mdb");
$rs=$dbc->execute("select * from tablename");
$i=0;
while (!$rs->eof){
$i+=1
$fld0=$rs->fields["username"];
$fld0=$rs->fields["password"];
....
echo "$fld0->value $fld1->value ....";
$rs->movenext();
}
$rs->close();
?>
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