數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) 雙向鏈表的創(chuàng)建和讀取
雙向鏈表是為了滿足更加方便的查找前驅(qū),而付出空間的代價的一個數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)。雙向鏈表的節(jié)點(diǎn)定義如下:
typedef struct node { int x; struct node *prior,*next; }DLNode;
雙向鏈表的空間結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖所示:
雙向鏈表的創(chuàng)建如下:
//創(chuàng)建雙向鏈表DLNode *create_DList(){ DLNode *p,*h,*l; int n,i,x; h = (DLNode *)malloc(sizeof(DLNode)); h->prior = h; //當(dāng)空的雙向鏈表就像上圖那樣前驅(qū)和后驅(qū)都會指向自己; h->next = h; p = h; printf("請輸入需要創(chuàng)建雙向鏈表的長度:"); scanf("%d",&n); for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { printf("請輸入第%d個數(shù)",i+1); scanf("%d",&x); l = (DLNode *)malloc(sizeof(DLNode)); l->x = x; p->next = l; l->prior = p; l->next = h; //注意,l->next鏈接的是頭節(jié)點(diǎn), h->prior = l; //而頭結(jié)點(diǎn)的前驅(qū)是l。 這樣便構(gòu)成了一個循環(huán)的雙向鏈表 p = l; } return(h); //不要忘記返回鏈表}
上面綠顏色的字需要注意;
讀取雙向鏈表的代碼如下:
void out_DList(DLNode *l){ DLNode *p; int i; p = l; p = p->next; while(p!=l) //注意條件發(fā)生了變化 { printf("%5d",p->x); p = p->next; //不要忘記讓p指向下一個節(jié)點(diǎn); }}
注意:①:由于頭節(jié)點(diǎn)的值為空,所以p = p->next; ②:循環(huán)的條件發(fā)生了變化,因?yàn)檫@是一個循環(huán)鏈表,鏈表的尾部指向頭部,所以條件是p!=l;
全部代碼如下:
#include<stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>typedef struct node{ int x; struct node *prior,*next;}DLNode;//函數(shù)聲明DLNode *create_DList();void out_DList(DLNode *l);main(){ DLNode *l; l = create_DList(); printf("創(chuàng)建成功!"); out_DList(l);}//讀取雙向鏈表void out_DList(DLNode *l){ DLNode *p; int i; p = l; p = p->next; while(p!=l) { printf("%5d",p->x); p = p->next; }}//創(chuàng)建雙向鏈表DLNode *create_DList(){ DLNode *p,*h,*l; int n,i,x; h = (DLNode *)malloc(sizeof(DLNode)); h->prior = h; h->next = h; p = h; printf("請輸入需要創(chuàng)建雙向鏈表的長度:"); scanf("%d",&n); for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { printf("請輸入第%d個數(shù)",i+1); scanf("%d",&x); l = (DLNode *)malloc(sizeof(DLNode)); l->x = x; p->next = l; l->prior = p; l->next = h; h->prior = l; p = l; } return(h);}
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