首先說(shuō)一下這種業(yè)務(wù)的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景：
1.把一個(gè)長(zhǎng)url轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)短url網(wǎng)址
2.主要用于微博，二維碼，等有字?jǐn)?shù)限制的場(chǎng)景
主要實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能分析：
1.把長(zhǎng)url的地址轉(zhuǎn)換為短url地址
2.通過(guò)短url獲取對(duì)應(yīng)的原始長(zhǎng)url地址
3.相同長(zhǎng)url地址是否需要同樣的短url地址
這里實(shí)現(xiàn)的是一個(gè)api服務(wù)
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的設(shè)計(jì)其實(shí)也沒(méi)有非常復(fù)雜，如圖所示：
這里有個(gè)設(shè)置需要主要就是關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表中id的設(shè)計(jì)，需要設(shè)置為自增的
并且這里有個(gè)問(wèn)題需要提前知道，我們的思路是根據(jù)id的值會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)換為62進(jìn)制關(guān)于進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換的代碼為：
// 將十進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換為62進(jìn)制 0-9a-zA-Z 六十二進(jìn)制func transTo62(id int64)string{ // 1 -- > 1 // 10-- > a // 61-- > Z charset := "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" var shortUrl []byte for{ var result byte number := id % 62 result = charset[number] var tmp []byte tmp = append(tmp,result) shortUrl = append(tmp,shortUrl...) id = id / 62 if id == 0{ break } } fmt.Println(string(shortUrl)) return string(shortUrl)}所以這里需要設(shè)置一下數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)id的起始值，可以設(shè)置的大一點(diǎn)，這樣轉(zhuǎn)換為62進(jìn)制之后不至于太短
代碼邏輯
項(xiàng)目完整的代碼git地址：https://github.com/pythonsite/go_simple_code/tree/master/short_url
當(dāng)然這里的代碼還有待后面繼續(xù)做優(yōu)化，但是這里通過(guò)golang內(nèi)置的net/http 庫(kù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的api功能
代碼的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)
|____logic| |____logic.go|____model| |____data.go|____api| |____api.go|____client| |____client.go
logic目錄為主要的處理邏輯
model是定義了request和response結(jié)構(gòu)體
api目錄為程序的入口程序
client 為測(cè)試請(qǐng)求，進(jìn)行地址的轉(zhuǎn)換
model 代碼為：
package modeltype Long2ShortRequest struct { OriginUrl string `json:"origin_url"`}type ResponseHeader struct { Code int `json:"code"` Message string `json:"message"`}type Long2ShortResponse struct { ResponseHeader ShortUrl string `json:"short_url"`}type Short2LongRequest struct { ShortUrl string `json:"short_url"`}type Short2LongResponse struct { ResponseHeader OriginUrl string `json:"origin_url"`}logic的代碼為：
package logicimport( "go_dev/11/short_url/model" "github.com/jmoiron/sqlx" "fmt" "crypto/md5" "database/sql")var ( Db *sqlx.DB)type ShortUrl struct { Id int64 `db:"id"` ShortUrl string `db:"short_url"` OriginUrl string `db:"origin_url"` HashCode string `db:"hash_code"`}func InitDb(dsn string)(err error) { // 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)初始化 Db, err = sqlx.Open("mysql",dsn) if err != nil{ fmt.Println("connect to mysql failed:",err) return } return}func Long2Short(req *model.Long2ShortRequest) (response *model.Long2ShortResponse, err error) { response = &model.Long2ShortResponse{} urlMd5 := fmt.Sprintf("%x",md5.Sum([]byte(req.OriginUrl))) var short ShortUrl err = Db.Get(&short,"select id,short_url,origin_url,hash_code from short_url where hash_code=?",urlMd5) if err == sql.ErrNoRows{ err = nil // 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中沒(méi)有記錄，重新生成一個(gè)新的短url shortUrl,errRet := generateShortUrl(req,urlMd5) if errRet != nil{ err = errRet return } response.ShortUrl = shortUrl return } if err != nil{ return } response.ShortUrl = short.ShortUrl return}func generateShortUrl(req *model.Long2ShortRequest,hashcode string)(shortUrl string,err error){ result,err := Db.Exec("insert INTO short_url(origin_url,hash_code)VALUES (?,?)",req.OriginUrl,hashcode) if err != nil{ return } // 0-9a-zA-Z 六十二進(jìn)制 insertId,_:= result.LastInsertId() shortUrl = transTo62(insertId) _,err = Db.Exec("update short_url set short_url=? where id=?",shortUrl,insertId) if err != nil{ fmt.Println(err) return } return}// 將十進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換為62進(jìn)制 0-9a-zA-Z 六十二進(jìn)制func transTo62(id int64)string{ // 1 -- > 1 // 10-- > a // 61-- > Z charset := "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" var shortUrl []byte for{ var result byte number := id % 62 result = charset[number] var tmp []byte tmp = append(tmp,result) shortUrl = append(tmp,shortUrl...) id = id / 62 if id == 0{ break } } fmt.Println(string(shortUrl)) return string(shortUrl)}func Short2Long(req *model.Short2LongRequest) (response *model.Short2LongResponse, err error) { response = &model.Short2LongResponse{} var short ShortUrl err = Db.Get(&short,"select id,short_url,origin_url,hash_code from short_url where short_url=?",req.ShortUrl) if err == sql.ErrNoRows{ response.Code = 404 return } if err != nil{ response.Code = 500 return } response.OriginUrl = short.OriginUrl return}api的代碼為：
package mainimport ( "io/ioutil" "net/http" "fmt" "encoding/json" "go_dev/11/short_url/logic" "go_dev/11/short_url/model" _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql")const ( ErrSuccess = 0 ErrInvalidParameter = 1001 ErrServerBusy = 1002)func getMessage(code int) (msg string){ switch code { case ErrSuccess: msg = "success" case ErrInvalidParameter: msg = "invalid parameter" case ErrServerBusy: msg = "server busy" default: msg = "unknown error" } return}// 用于將返回序列化數(shù)據(jù)，失敗的返回func responseError(w http.ResponseWriter, code int) { var response model.ResponseHeader response.Code = code response.Message = getMessage(code) data, err := json.Marshal(response) if err != nil { w.Write([]byte("{/"code/":500, /"message/": /"server busy/"}")) return } w.Write(data)}// 用于將返回序列化數(shù)據(jù)，成功的返回func responseSuccess(w http.ResponseWriter, data interface{}) { dataByte, err := json.Marshal(data) if err != nil { w.Write([]byte("{/"code/":500, /"message/": /"server busy/"}")) return } w.Write(dataByte)}// 長(zhǎng)地址到短地址func Long2Short(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { // 這里需要說(shuō)明的是發(fā)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)是通過(guò)post發(fā)過(guò)來(lái)一個(gè)json格式的數(shù)據(jù) data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body) if err != nil { fmt.Println("read all failded, ", err) responseError(w, 1001) return } var req model.Long2ShortRequest // 將反序列化的數(shù)據(jù)保存在結(jié)構(gòu)體中 err = json.Unmarshal(data, &req) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Unmarshal failded, ", err) responseError(w, 1002) return } resp, err := logic.Long2Short(&req) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Long2Short failded, ", err) responseError(w, 1003) return } responseSuccess(w, resp)}// 短地址到長(zhǎng)地址func Short2Long(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { // 這里需要說(shuō)明的是發(fā)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)是通過(guò)post發(fā)過(guò)來(lái)一個(gè)json格式的數(shù)據(jù) data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body) if err != nil { fmt.Println("read all failded, ", err) responseError(w, 1001) return } var req model.Short2LongRequest // 將反序列化的數(shù)據(jù)保存在結(jié)構(gòu)體中 err = json.Unmarshal(data, &req) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Unmarshal failded, ", err) responseError(w, 1002) return } resp, err := logic.Short2Long(&req) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Long2Short failded, ", err) responseError(w, 1003) return } responseSuccess(w, resp)}func main(){ err := logic.InitDb("root:123456@tcp(192.168.50.145:3306)/short_url?parseTime=true") if err != nil{ fmt.Printf("init db failed,err:%v/n",err) return } http.HandleFunc("/trans/long2short", Long2Short) http.HandleFunc("/trans/short2long", Short2Long) http.ListenAndServe(":18888", nil)}小結(jié)
這次通過(guò)這個(gè)小代碼對(duì)go也有了一個(gè)初步的認(rèn)識(shí)和使用，同時(shí)也通過(guò)net/http 包實(shí)現(xiàn)了api的功能，也對(duì)其基本使用有了大致了解
以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容，希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持VEVB武林網(wǎng)。
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