使用Object.create實(shí)現(xiàn)類式繼承
下面是官網(wǎng)的一個(gè)例子
//Shape - superclassfunction Shape() { this.x = 0; this.y = 0;}Shape.prototype.move = function(x, y) { this.x += x; this.y += y; console.info("Shape moved.");};// Rectangle - subclassfunction Rectangle() { Shape.call(this); //call super constructor.}Rectangle.prototype = Object.create(Shape.prototype);var rect = new Rectangle();rect instanceof Rectangle //true.rect instanceof Shape //true.rect.move(1, 1); //Outputs, "Shape moved."
此時(shí)Rectangle原型的constructor指向父類,如需要使用自身的構(gòu)造,手動(dòng)指定即可,如下
Rectangle.prototype.constructor = Rectangle;
使用utilities工具包自帶的util.inherites
語法
util.inherits(constructor, superConstructor)
例子
const util = require('util');const EventEmitter = require('events');function MyStream() { EventEmitter.call(this);}util.inherits(MyStream, EventEmitter);MyStream.prototype.write = function(data) { this.emit('data', data);}var stream = new MyStream();console.log(stream instanceof EventEmitter); // trueconsole.log(MyStream.super_ === EventEmitter); // truestream.on('data', (data) => { console.log(`Received data: "${data}"`);})stream.write('It works!'); // Received data: "It works!"
也很簡(jiǎn)單的例子,其實(shí)源碼用了ES6的新特性,我們瞅一瞅
exports.inherits = function(ctor, superCtor) { if (ctor === undefined || ctor === null) throw new TypeError('The constructor to "inherits" must not be ' + 'null or undefined'); if (superCtor === undefined || superCtor === null) throw new TypeError('The super constructor to "inherits" must not ' + 'be null or undefined'); if (superCtor.prototype === undefined) throw new TypeError('The super constructor to "inherits" must ' + 'have a prototype'); ctor.super_ = superCtor; Object.setPrototypeOf(ctor.prototype, superCtor.prototype);};
其中Object.setPrototypeOf即為ES6新特性,將一個(gè)指定的對(duì)象的原型設(shè)置為另一個(gè)對(duì)象或者null
語法
Object.setPrototypeOf(obj, prototype)
obj為將要被設(shè)置原型的一個(gè)對(duì)象
prototype為obj新的原型(可以是一個(gè)對(duì)象或者null).
如果設(shè)置成null,即為如下示例
Object.setPrototypeOf({}, null);
感覺setPrototypeOf真是人如其名啊,專門搞prototype來玩。
那么這個(gè)玩意又是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的呢?此時(shí)需要借助宗師__proto__
Object.setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function (obj, proto) { obj.__proto__ = proto; return obj; }
即把proto賦給obj.__proto__就好了。
使用extends關(guān)鍵字
熟悉java的同學(xué)應(yīng)該非常熟悉這個(gè)關(guān)鍵字,java中的繼承都是靠它實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
ES6新加入的class關(guān)鍵字是語法糖,本質(zhì)還是函數(shù).
在下面的例子,定義了一個(gè)名為Polygon的類,然后定義了一個(gè)繼承于Polygon的類 Square。注意到在構(gòu)造器使用的 super(),supper()只能在構(gòu)造器中使用,super函數(shù)一定要在this可以使用之前調(diào)用。
class Polygon { constructor(height, width) { this.name = 'Polygon'; this.height = height; this.width = width; }}class Square extends Polygon { constructor(length) { super(length, length); this.name = 'Square'; }}
使用關(guān)鍵字后就不用婆婆媽媽各種設(shè)置原型了,關(guān)鍵字已經(jīng)封裝好了,很快捷方便。
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