1、打開
open(file,mode):
>>>fo = open('test.txt', 'r')>>>fo.read()'hello/n'>>>fo.close()
file(file,mode):
>>>f = file('test.txt', 'r')>>>f.read()'hello/n'>>>f.close()
mode可取值:

2、創建
用w/w+/a/a+模式打開即可。
1、String = FileObject.read([size])
>>> fr = open('test.txt')>>> fr.read()'hello/nworld/n'
or:
>>> for i in open('test.txt'):... PRint i... helloworld
2、String = FileObject.readline([size])
>>> f = open('test.txt')>>> f.readline()'hello/n'>>> f.readline()'world/n'>>> f.readline()''
或者可以用next
3、List = FileObject.readlines([size])
>>> f = open('test.txt')>>> f.readlines()['hello/n', 'world/n']
1、write(string)
>>> f = open('test.txt', 'a')>>> f.write('hello/nworld')#'hello/nworld'
2、writelines(list)
>>> l = ['a','b','c']>>> f=open('test.txt','a')>>> f.writelines(l)#'hello/nworldabc'
注:writelines相當于調用了多次write,不會自動添加換行(/n)符
1、FileObject.seek(offset, mode)
offset:偏移量
mode:0表示將文件指針指向從文件頭部到“偏移量”字節處,
1表示將文件指針指向從文件當前位置向后移動“偏移量”字節,
2表示將文件指針指向從文件尾部向前移動“偏移量”字節。
>>> f=open('test.txt')>>> f.read()'hello/nworldabc'>>> f.read()''>>> f.seek(0,0)>>> f.read()'hello/nworldabc'>>> f.close()
2、flush:提交更新,即在文件關閉之前把內存中的內容強制寫入文件(一般是文件關閉后寫入)
3、文件查找:遍歷行進行查找
#!/usr/bin/pythonimport research='hello world'file='test.txt'count = 0f = open(file)for l in f.readlines(): li = re.findall(search,l) if len(li) > 0: count += len(li)print "Search " + str(count) + " /"" + search + "/""f.close()
4、文件內容替換:遍歷行進行替換
替換到新文件demo:
#!/usr/bin/pythonos='hello'of='test.txt'rs='ten'rf='test2.txt'ofh = open(of)newl=[]for l in ofh.readlines(): nl = l.replace(os,rs) newl.append(nl)rfh = open(rf,'w+')rfh.writelines(newl)ofh.close()rfh.close()
替換到原文件demo:
[server@localserver file]$ cat test.txt abchelloworldhello worldhelloworldhello hello world[server@localserver file]$ cat fr.py #!/usr/bin/pythonos='hello'file='test.txt'rs='ten'f = open(file, 'r+')s=f.read()f.seek(0,0)f.close()f = open(file, 'w+')f.write(s.replace(os,rs))f.close()[server@localserver file] python fr.py[server@localserver file]$ cat test.txt abctenworldten worldtenworldten ten world
這里采用了重建文件的辦法。
或用 fileinput 模塊直接在原文件上修改:
#!/usr/bin/pythonimport fileinputos='hello'file='test.txt'rs='ten'for line in fileinput.input(file, inplace=True): print line.replace(os,rs).replace('/n','')
注意,這里刪除了/n是因為print時會寫入換行。
一般是借助OS模塊實現
1、mkdir(path[,mode=0777]):創建目錄,相當于mkdir
>>>import os>>>os.mkdir('tt')
2、makedirs(name[, mode=511]):創建多級目錄,相當于mkdir -p
3、rmdir(path):刪除目錄,相當于rm
4、removedirs(path):刪除多級目錄,相當于rm -rf
5、listdir(path):列出目錄中文件和文件夾,相當于ls
6、getcwd():獲取當前路徑,相當于pwd
7、chdir(path):切換目錄,相當于cd
8、rename(src, dst):重命名
9、shutil.copyfile(str,dst):復制文件(要引入shutil模塊)
10、path.splitext(filename):獲取文件路徑和擴展名
>>> import os>>> fileName, fileExtension = os.path.splitext('/path/to/somefile.ext')>>> fileName'/path/to/somefile'>>> fileExtension'.ext'
11、walk(top, topdown=True, onerror=None):遍歷目錄
>>> import os>>> g = os.walk('a')>>> g.next()('a', ['b'], [])>>> g.next()('a/b', ['f', 'c'], [])>>> g.next()('a/b/f', [], ['3.txt'])>>> g.next()('a/b/c', ['d', 'e'], [])>>> g.next()('a/b/c/d', [], ['1.txt'])>>> g.next()('a/b/c/e', [], ['2.txt'])
walk返回的是一個生成器,生成器中的內容是:當前目錄,目錄列表,文件列表
python自己遞歸實現文件遍歷:
#!/usr/bin/pythonimport osdef dirList(path): filelist = os.listdir(path) fpath = os.getcwd() allfile = [] for filename in filelist: filepath = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(path, filename)) if os.path.isdir(filepath): allfile.extend(dirList(filepath)) else: allfile.append(filepath) return allfilefiles = dirList('a')print files
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