綜合之前的函數(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、流程控制等，做以下實(shí)例練習(xí)：（建議先不要看代碼，自己先試著寫；代碼僅供參考，有多種實(shí)現(xiàn)方法）
1. 定義 is_Even 函數(shù)，傳一 int 參數(shù)，判斷是否是偶數(shù)，return True；不是，return False
1 '''is_Even'''2 def is_Even(i):3 if(i%2==0):4 return True5 else:6 return False7 PRint(is_Even(0),is_Even(1),is_Even(1))
2. 定義 is_Int 函數(shù)，傳一 float 參數(shù)，判斷是否是整數(shù)（如1.0 即整數(shù)），return True；不是，return False
1 '''is_Int'''2 def is_Int(f):3 if(f%1==0):4 return True5 else:6 return False7 print(is_Int(0),is_Int(1.0),is_Int(1.1))
3. 定義 digital_sum 函數(shù)，傳一 int 參數(shù)，return 其所有位數(shù)的數(shù)字相加的和；如：1234 返回 10(1+2+3+4)； 900 返回 9 (9+0+0)
1 '''digital_sum'''2 def digital_sum(i):3 sum = 04 while(i/10>1):5 sum += i%10 6 i = int(i/10)7 sum += i8 return sum9 print(digital_sum(23423),digital_sum(900),digital_sum(0))
1 def digital_sum(i):2 i = str(i)3 sum = 04 for d in i:5 sum += int(d)6 return sum7 print(digital_sum(23423),digital_sum(900),digital_sum(0))
4. 定義 factorial 函數(shù)，傳一 int 參數(shù)，return 其所有位數(shù)數(shù)字相乘的積；如：1234 返回 24 (1*2*3*4)； 909 返回 0 (9*0*9)
1 '''factorial'''2 def factorial(i):3 result = 14 while(i/10>1):5 result *= i%10 6 i = int(i/10)7 result *= i8 return result9 print(factorial(1234),factorial(909),factorial(0))
1 '''factorial'''2 def factorial(i):3 i = str(i)4 result = 15 for d in i:6 result *= int(d)7 return result8 print(factorial(1234),factorial(909),factorial(0))
5. 定義 is_prime 函數(shù)，傳一 int 參數(shù)，判斷是否是質(zhì)數(shù)（僅可被1或自己整除），若是，return True；不是，return False； 如：1 返回 True；2 返回 True；4 返回 False；13 返回 True
規(guī)定 0 不是質(zhì)數(shù)，返回 False
1 '''is_prime''' 2 def is_prime(i): 3 result = True 4 for d in range(2,i): 5 if(i%d==0): 6 result = False 7 break 8 if(i==0): 9 result = False10 return result 11 print(is_prime(1),is_prime(2),is_prime(3),is_prime(4),is_prime(13),is_prime(197),is_prime(201),is_prime(0))
6. 定義 reverse 函數(shù)，傳一 str 參數(shù)，將所有字符串字符倒置并 return 該字符串；如："abcd" return "dcba"
備注：list.reverse() 及 list[::-1] 可表示 list 倒置
1 '''reverse'''2 def reverse(s):3 l = list(s)4 new_l = []5 for i in range(len(l)-1,-1,-1):6 new_l.append(l[i])7 return "".join(new_l)8 print(reverse("ab cd"),reverse(""))
'''reverse'''def reverse(s): l = list(s) l.reverse() # l = l[::-1] return "".join(l)print(reverse("ab cd"),reverse(""))
7. 定義 anti_vowel 函數(shù)，傳一 str 參數(shù)，將字符串中所有的元音（a e i o u） 去除（注意大小寫），并return；
如："Apple is red." return "ppl is rd."
備注：對于list，for item in list_name 即可遍歷list，可以不用下標(biāo)的方式，參見下方的兩種方式（之后的例子也列出了兩種方式）
1 '''anti_vowel 1'''2 def anti_vowel(s):3 l = list(s)4 new_l = []5 for i in range(len(l)):6 if (l[i] not in {'a','e','i','o','u','A','E','I','O','U'}):7 new_l.append(l[i])8 return "".join(new_l)9 print(anti_vowel("Apple is red."))
1 '''anti_vowel 2'''2 def anti_vowel(s):3 l = list(s)4 new_l = []5 for letter in l:6 if (letter not in {'a','e','i','o','u','A','E','I','O','U'}):7 new_l.append(letter)8 return "".join(new_l)9 print(anti_vowel("Apple is red."))
8. 定義 scrabble_score 函數(shù)，傳一 str 參數(shù)。預(yù)設(shè)一組詞典（見下方引用），根據(jù)詞典中字母對應(yīng)的數(shù)值，將傳入?yún)?shù)的每個(gè)字母數(shù)值相加
（非字母不加，注意大小寫轉(zhuǎn)換）；如："Word !" 分別對應(yīng)取 "w": 4 , "o": 1, "r": 1,"d": 2 ， 相加為 4+1+1+2 = 8 return 該值
score = {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 3, "e": 1, "d": 2, "g": 2, "f": 4, "i": 1, "h": 4, "k": 5, "j": 8, "m": 3, "l": 1, "o": 1, "n": 1, "q": 10, "p": 3, "s": 1, "r": 1, "u": 1, "t": 1, "w": 4, "v": 4, "y": 4, "x": 8, "z": 10}
1 '''scrabble_score 1''' 2 def scrabble_score(s): 3 score = {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 3, "e": 1, "d": 2, "g": 2, "f": 4, "i": 1, "h": 4, "k": 5, "j": 8, "m": 3, "l": 1, "o": 1, "n": 1, "q": 10, "p": 3, "s": 1, "r": 1, "u": 1, "t": 1, "w": 4, "v": 4, "y": 4, "x": 8, "z": 10} 4 l = list(s) 5 sum = 0 6 for i in range(len(l)): 7 letter = l[i].lower() 8 if letter in score.keys(): 9 sum += score[letter]10 return sum11 print(scrabble_score("Word !"),scrabble_score("Hello World~!"))
1 '''scrabble_score 2''' 2 def scrabble_score(s): 3 score = {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 3, "e": 1, "d": 2, "g": 2, "f": 4, "i": 1, "h": 4, "k": 5, "j": 8, "m": 3, "l": 1, "o": 1, "n": 1, "q": 10, "p": 3, "s": 1, "r": 1, "u": 1, "t": 1, "w": 4, "v": 4, "y": 4, "x": 8, "z": 10} 4 l = list(s) 5 sum = 0 6 for letter in l: 7 letter = letter.lower() 8 if letter in score.keys(): 9 sum += score[letter]10 return sum11 print(scrabble_score("Word !"),scrabble_score("Hello World~!"))
9. 定義 censor 函數(shù)，傳兩個(gè) str 參數(shù)：s, h；若 s 字符串中的單詞包含 h（全小寫）時(shí)（不區(qū)分大小寫，暫時(shí)僅考慮空格分隔的單詞），
將其隱藏，每個(gè)隱藏的字母顯示為 *；該方法為不完善的隱藏字符方法，如隱藏字符后有標(biāo)點(diǎn)，則仍會(huì)顯示。（若需完善，可用正則表達(dá)式，后續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)）
如：censor("Fuck U fuck ... ","fuck") 會(huì) return 字符串為 "**** U **** ... " ;
censor("My QQ is: 1000100, pls add my QQ","qq") 會(huì) return 字符串為 "My ** is: 1000100, pls add my **"
備注： str.split(" ") 可根據(jù) " " 分隔字符串并返回為list； 字符串相乘，如 "*"*5 可輸出 "*****"
1 '''censor 1''' 2 def censor(s,h): 3 l = s.split(" ") 4 new_l = [] 5 for i in range(len(l)): 6 word_l = l[i].lower() 7 if word_l==h: 8 new_l.append("*"*len(h)) 9 else:10 new_l.append(l[i])11 return " ".join(new_l)12 print(censor("Fuck U fuck ... ","fuck"))13 print(censor("My qq is: 1000100, pls add my QQ","qq"))
1 '''censor 2''' 2 def censor(s,h): 3 l = s.split(" ") 4 new_l = [] 5 for word in l: 6 if word.lower()==h: 7 new_l.append("*"*len(h)) 8 else: 9 new_l.append(word)10 return " ".join(new_l)11 print(censor("Fuck U fuck ... ","fuck"))12 print(censor("My qq is: 1000100, pls add my QQ","qq"))
10. 定義 count_i 函數(shù)，傳兩個(gè)參數(shù) l, item：l 為一 list，item 為任意類型元素；return l 中包含 i 的個(gè)數(shù) ;
如： count_i([1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1.0,"1"],1) 會(huì) return 3 (1.0 也可算入；"1" 不可算入)
count_i(["b","a","ab","a","","A"], "a") 會(huì) return 2
count_i([["a"],"a"], ["a"]) 會(huì) return 1； count_i([["a"],"a"], ["a "]) 會(huì) return 0
1 '''count_item 1''' 2 def count_item(l,item): 3 count = 0 4 for i in range(len(l)): 5 if(l[i]==item): 6 count += 1 7 return count 8 print(count_item([1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1.0,"1"],1)) 9 print(count_item(["b","a","ab","a","","A"], "a"))10 print(count_item([["a"],"a"], ["a"]),count_item([["a"],"a"], ["a "]))
1 '''count_item 2''' 2 def count_item(l,i): 3 count = 0 4 for item in l: 5 if(item==i): 6 count += 1 7 return count 8 print(count_item([1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1.0,"1"],1)) 9 print(count_item(["b","a","ab","a","","A"], "a"))10 print(count_item([["a"],"a"], ["a"]),count_item([["a"],"a"], ["a "]))
11. 定義 purify 函數(shù)，傳一 list 參數(shù)；去除該 list 中所有的奇數(shù)（該list中全為int元素）
如： purify([3,1,5,2,6,1,4]) 會(huì) return [2,6,4]
1 '''purify 1'''2 def purify(l):3 l_new = []4 for i in range(len(l)):5 if(l[i]%2==0):6 l_new.append(l[i])7 return l_new8 print(purify([3,1,5,2,6,1,4]))
1 '''purify 2'''2 def purify(l):3 l_new = []4 for i in l:5 if(i%2==0):6 l_new.append(i)7 return l_new8 print(purify([3,1,5,2,6,1,4]))
12. 定義 multiple 函數(shù)，傳可變參數(shù)（該參數(shù)全為float），return 所有可變參數(shù)相乘的積，無參數(shù)則返回 None；
如：multiple(3,2) return 6；multiple(3.5,2) return 7.0；multiple(3.5,2,3) return 21.0；multiple(3,2,0,3,) return 0；
備注：函數(shù)調(diào)用可變個(gè)數(shù)的參數(shù)，在其參數(shù)名前加*，如*args，這些參數(shù)將被包裝進(jìn)一個(gè)元組
1 '''multiple 1''' 2 def multiple(*f): 3 m = 1 4 if(len(f)==0): 5 return None 6 else: 7 for i in range(len(f)): 8 m *= f[i] 9 return m10 print(multiple(2,3),multiple(3.5,2),multiple(3.5,2,3),multiple())
1 '''multiple 2''' 2 def multiple(*f): 3 m = 1 4 if(len(f)==0): 5 return None 6 else: 7 for i in f: 8 m *= i 9 return m10 print(multiple(2,3),multiple(3.5,2),multiple(3.5,2,3),multiple())
13. 定義 remove_duplicate 函數(shù)，傳一參數(shù) list，刪除 list 中重復(fù)的項(xiàng)；
如 remove_duplicate([1,2,3,1.0,1,"1"]) return [1,2,3,"1"]
備注：可用轉(zhuǎn)換為集合set 來去重，但無法保留 list 之前的順序
1 '''remove_duplicate 1'''2 def remove_duplicate(l):3 l_new = []4 for i in range(len(l)):5 if l[i] not in l_new:6 l_new.append(l[i])7 return l_new8 print(remove_duplicate([1,2,3,1.0,1,"1"]))
1 '''remove_duplicate 2'''2 def remove_duplicate(l):3 l_new = []4 for i in l:5 if i not in l_new:6 l_new.append(i)7 return l_new8 print(remove_duplicate([1,2,3,1.0,1,"1"]))
1 '''remove_duplicate 3'''2 def remove_duplicate(l):3 return list(set(l))4 print(remove_duplicate([1,2,3,1.0,1,"1"]))
14. 定義 median 函數(shù)，傳一參數(shù) list，該 list 中元素均為float或int數(shù)值；
若 list 長度為奇數(shù)，return 該list 最中間的數(shù)；若 list 長度為偶數(shù)，return 該 list 最中間兩個(gè)數(shù)的平均數(shù)；若 list 為空，return none
如 median([3,4,2]) return 3； median([7,2,3,4]) return 3.5 (3+4/2)
備注：須先對 list 排序，用 sorted(list_name)
1 '''median''' 2 def median(l): 3 l = sorted(l) 4 l_len = len(l) 5 if l_len == 0: 6 return None 7 elif l_len%2 == 1: 8 return l[int((l_len-1)/2)] 9 else:10 return (l[int((l_len)/2)] + l[int((l_len)/2)-1])/211 print(median([]),median([3,4,2]),median([7,2,3,4]))
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