漢字助記碼，你會了嗎？

2019-11-14 16:40:33

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漢字助記碼，你會了嗎？

在編程中，我們經常會遇到漢字助記碼的問題，筆者曾經為此多次發愁，現總結前輩的好東西，記錄于此，希望能幫助到您，方法有多種,在此比較幾種方案，簡單剖析一下。

首先說明，什么是漢字助記碼？所謂的漢字助記碼就是一個漢字的拼音的首字母，如：張的漢字助記碼為Z，湖北中醫藥大學的助記碼為HBZYYDX。下面通過程序用三種方法實現：

方法一:表獲取方法;

表內容大致說明：

實現核心代碼——SQL標量值函數：

 1 ------------------------------------------------ 2 --作者：zhangbc 3 --時間：2014-05-05 4 --功能：獲取漢字拼音首字母 5 ------------------------------------------------ 6 ALTER function [dbo].[fun_getMnemonic](@str nvarchar(4000))  7 returns nvarchar(4000)  8 as  9 begin10 declare @zjm varchar(100),@tmp_char varchar(2),@tmp_zjm varchar(2),  @i int,@length int11      set @zjm =''12      set @length = len(@str)13      set @i = 114      while @i<=@length 15      begin16          set @tmp_char = substring(@str,@i,1)17          select @tmp_zjm =zjm from hz_zjm where hanzi=@tmp_char18          if @@rowcount=1 19          set @zjm = @zjm +Rtrim(@tmp_zjm)20          set @i = @i + 1 21      end   22     return (@zjm)23 end

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方法二:存儲過程獲取;

實現核心代碼——SQL存儲過程：

 1 -- ============================================= 2 -- Author:    zhangbc 3 -- Create date: 2014-05-03 4 -- Description:    獲取漢字拼音首字母 5 -- ============================================= 6 ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[getMnemonic]  7       @str varchar(4000) 8 AS 9 --     return char(4000)10 BEGIN11     declare @Word nchar(1),@PY nvarchar(4000) 12     set @PY='' 13     while len(@str)>0 14     begin 15     set @word=left(@str,1) 16     --如果非漢字字符，返回原字符 17     set @PY=@PY+(case when unicode(@word) between 19968 and 19968+20901 18     then (select top 1 PY from ( 19     select 'A' as PY,N'驁' as word 20     union all select 'B',N'簿' 21     union all select 'C',N'錯' 22     union all select 'D',N'鵽' 23     union all select 'E',N'樲' 24     union all select 'F',N'鰒' 25     union all select 'G',N'腂' 26     union all select 'H',N'夻' 27     union all select 'J',N'攈' 28     union all select 'K',N'穒' 29     union all select 'L',N'鱳' 30     union all select 'M',N'旀' 31     union all select 'N',N'桛' 32     union all select 'O',N'漚' 33     union all select 'P',N'曝' 34     union all select 'Q',N'囕' 35     union all select 'R',N'鶸' 36     union all select 'S',N'蜶' 37     union all select 'T',N'籜' 38     union all select 'W',N'鶩' 39     union all select 'X',N'鑂' 40     union all select 'Y',N'韻' 41     union all select 'Z',N'咗' 42     ) T 43     where word>=@word collate Chinese_PRC_CS_AS_KS_WS 44     order by PY ASC) else @word end) 45     set @str=right(@str,len(@str)-1) 46     end 47     select @PY 48 END

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方法三:標量值獲取（算法和方法二一樣，實現方式不同）：

代碼如下：

 1 ------------------------------------------------ 2 --作者：zhangbc 3 --時間：2014-03-19 4 --功能：獲取漢字拼音首字母 5 ------------------------------------------------ 6 ALTER function [dbo].[fun_getZjm](@str nvarchar(4000))  7 returns nvarchar(4000)  8 as  9 begin 10 declare @word nchar(1),@PY nvarchar(4000) 11 set @PY='' 12 while len(@str)>0 13 begin 14 set @word=left(@str,1) 15 --如果非漢字字符，返回原字符 16 set @PY=@PY+(case when unicode(@word) between 19968 and 19968+20901 17 then (select top 1 PY from ( 18 select 'A' as PY,N'驁' as word 19 union all select 'B',N'簿' 20 union all select 'C',N'錯' 21 union all select 'D',N'鵽' 22 union all select 'E',N'樲' 23 union all select 'F',N'鰒' 24 union all select 'G',N'腂' 25 union all select 'H',N'夻' 26 union all select 'J',N'攈' 27 union all select 'K',N'穒' 28 union all select 'L',N'鱳' 29 union all select 'M',N'旀' 30 union all select 'N',N'桛' 31 union all select 'O',N'漚' 32 union all select 'P',N'曝' 33 union all select 'Q',N'囕' 34 union all select 'R',N'鶸' 35 union all select 'S',N'蜶' 36 union all select 'T',N'籜' 37 union all select 'W',N'鶩' 38 union all select 'X',N'鑂' 39 union all select 'Y',N'韻' 40 union all select 'Z',N'咗' 41 ) T 42 where word>=@word collate Chinese_PRC_CS_AS_KS_WS 43 order by PY ASC) else @word end) 44 set @str=right(@str,len(@str)-1) 45 end 46 return @PY 47 end

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方法四:字符編碼法;

核心代碼如下：

 1  public class getMnemonic 2     { 3         public getMnemonic() 4         { 5  6         } 7         /// <summary> 8         /// 字符編碼的獲取 9         /// </summary>10         /// <param name="cnChar">字符</param>11         /// <returns>字符編碼</returns>12         private static string getSpell(string cnChar)13         {14             byte[] arrCN = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(cnChar);15             if (arrCN.Length > 1)16             {17                 int area = (short)arrCN[0];18                 int pos = (short)arrCN[1];19                 int code = (area << 8) + pos;20                 int[] areacode = { 45217, 45253, 45761, 46318, 46826, 47010, 47297, 47614, 21                                      48119, 48119, 49062, 49324, 49896,50371, 50614, 50622,22                                      50906, 51387, 51446, 52218, 52698, 52698, 52698, 52980, 53689, 54481 };23                 for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++)24                 {25                     int max = 55290;26                     if (i != 25)27                         max = areacode[i + 1];28                     if (areacode[i] <= code && code < max)29                         return Encoding.Default.GetString(new byte[] { (byte)(65 + i)});30                 }31                 return "*";32             }33             else return cnChar;34         }35         /// <summary>36         /// 字符編碼獲取助記碼37         /// </summary>38         /// <param name="str">漢字</param>39         /// <returns>助記碼</returns>40         public string getChsSpell(string str)41         {42             string myStr = "";43             for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++)44             {45                 myStr += getSpell(str.Substring(i, 1));46             }47             return myStr;48         }49     }