基本思路就是跟蹤程序中的malloc和free調用,然后檢測是否有漏掉的free調用,代碼如下:
MemCheck.h
#ifndef __MEM_CHECK_H__#define __MEM_CHECK_H__#include <cstddef>void* _Malloc_Trace_Call_(std::size_t MemSize, const char* SourceFile, int LineNumber, std::size_t Alignment = 0);void _Free_Trace_Call_(void* Ptr, std::size_t Alignment = 0);void DumpMemoryInfo();#undef malloc#define malloc(Size) _Malloc_Trace_Call_(Size, __FILE__, __LINE__)#undef free#define free(Ptr) _Free_Trace_Call_(Ptr)#undef _mm_malloc#define _mm_malloc(Size, Alignment) _Malloc_Trace_Call_(Size, __FILE__, __LINE__, Alignment)#undef _mm_free#define _mm_free(Ptr) _Free_Trace_Call_(Ptr, 1)#endifMemCheck.cpp#include <iostream>#include <cstdlib>#include <map>#include <mutex>#include "MemCheck.h"#undef malloc#undef free#undef _mm_malloc#undef _mm_freenamespace{ struct MemInfo { MemInfo(std::size_t _Size, const char* _SourceFile, int _LineNumber) :Size(_Size) , SourceFile(_SourceFile) , LineNumber(_LineNumber) { } std::size_t Size; const char* SourceFile; int LineNumber; }; std::map<void*, MemInfo> g_MemInfoMap; std::size_t g_TotalMemAllocation = 0; std::size_t g_TotalMemDeallocation = 0; std::mutex g_Mutex;}void* _Malloc_Trace_Call_(std::size_t MemSize, const char* SourceFile, int LineNumber, std::size_t Alignment ){ void* Ptr = nullptr; std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Locker(g_Mutex); if (Alignment > 0) { Ptr = _aligned_malloc(MemSize, Alignment); } else { Ptr = malloc(MemSize); } if (Ptr != nullptr) { g_MemInfoMap.emplace(Ptr, MemInfo(MemSize, SourceFile, LineNumber)); g_TotalMemAllocation += MemSize; return Ptr; } else { throw std::bad_alloc(); }}void _Free_Trace_Call_(void* Ptr, std::size_t Alignment ){ std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Locker(g_Mutex); auto Iter = g_MemInfoMap.find(Ptr); if (Iter != g_MemInfoMap.cend()) { if (Alignment > 0) _aligned_free(Ptr); else free(Ptr); g_TotalMemDeallocation += Iter->second.Size; g_MemInfoMap.erase(Iter); } else { std::cout << "Attempt to delete invalid ptr: " << std::ios::hex << Ptr << std::endl; }}void DumpMemoryInfo(){ using std::cout; using std::endl; cout << "Total memeory allocation: " << g_TotalMemAllocation << " Bytes" << endl; cout << "Total memory deallocation: " << g_TotalMemDeallocation << " Bytes" << endl; if (g_MemInfoMap.size() > 0) { cout << "Memory leak detected: " << g_TotalMemAllocation - g_TotalMemDeallocation << " Bytes" << endl; for (auto const& Iter : g_MemInfoMap) { auto const& Info = Iter.second; cout << Info.SourceFile << "/tLine: " << Info.LineNumber << "/tSize: " << Info.Size << "/tAddress: " << std::ios::hex << Iter.first << endl; } }}幾個小細節(jié):除了基本的malloc和free,還需要跟蹤對aligned malloc的調用,因為有時候必須使用對齊的內存,這一部分不能漏掉。
跟蹤函數(shù)需要加鎖防止多線程環(huán)境下出現(xiàn)bug
測試代碼:
#include "MemCheck.h"using namespace std;int main(){ void* p1 = malloc(10); void* p2 = malloc(20); void* p3 = malloc(30); free(p3); free(p2); DumpMemoryInfo(); return 0;}輸出:Total memeory allocation: 60 BytesTotal memory deallocation: 50 BytesMemory leak detected: 10 Bytesmain.cpp Line: 6 Size: 10 Address: 204800E66128
在使用的時候,需要把MemCheck.h頭文件放在所有的頭文件最后。因為我們只想檢測自己程序中的內存泄漏,不需要其它庫中的內存分配信息。
這個程序只能檢測malloc和free的調用,對于new和delete,情況會棘手一些。對于new的調用,可以像malloc一樣用宏替換掉,然后調用自定義的Operator new。比如可以這么寫:
void* operator new(std::size_t MemSize, const char* SourceFile, std::size_t LineNumber);void* operator new[](std::size_t MemSize, const char* SourceFile, std::size_t LineNumber);#define new new (__FILE__, __LINE__)對于delete,由于目前C++ 的operator delete只能傳遞一個指針參數(shù),所以只能重載全局的::operator delete。但如果重載了全局delete,所有的調用都會被影響,例如STL容器的默認分配器std::allocator中就使用了全局::operator delete,這樣其他庫中的內存信息就會干擾檢測結果。一種不太雅觀的方法就是所有需要檢測new和delete的Class都繼承一個基類,然后這個基類重載new和delete記錄分配信息,這樣就不會影響到其他庫
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