任何對象可以充當監視器。但前提得是同一個對象。
public class SaleTicket extends Thread{ PRivate static int ticket=100;// private static Object obj = new Object(); @Override public void run(){ while(true){ try { Thread.currentThread().sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } show(); } } public void show(){ synchronized(this){ if(ticket>0){ System.out.println(ticket--); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ SaleTicket s1 = new SaleTicket(); s1.start(); SaleTicket s2 = new SaleTicket(); s2.start(); SaleTicket s3 = new SaleTicket(); s3.start(); } }上面代碼,this充當監視器,由于三個Thread對象,所以三個this不一樣,起不到同步的效果。如果將this換成靜態Object,那么同步起作用。public class SaleTicket2 implements Runnable { private int ticket =100; private Object obj = new Object(); @Override public void run() { while(true){ // synchronized (this) { try { Thread.currentThread().sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } show();// } } } public void show(){ synchronized(obj){ if (ticket > 0) { System.out.println(ticket--); } } } public static void main(String[] main){ Runnable t = new SaleTicket2(); Thread t1 = new Thread(t); Thread t2 = new Thread(t); Thread t3 = new Thread(t); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); }}此代碼中,只是有一個Runnable實例,所以ticket和obj都是共享的,synchronized(this)和synchronize(obj)都能夠起到同步效果。因為是線程共享對象。2、同步方法 public synchronize 返回值 方法名(){}同步方法默認監視器是當前對象this,public class SaleTicket extends Thread{ private static int ticket=100; private static Object obj = new Object(); @Override public void run(){ while(true){ try { Thread.currentThread().sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } show(); } } public synchronized void show(){// synchronized(obj){ if(ticket>0){ System.out.println(ticket--);// } } } public static void main(String[] args){ SaleTicket s1 = new SaleTicket(); s1.start(); SaleTicket s2 = new SaleTicket(); s2.start(); SaleTicket s3 = new SaleTicket(); s3.start(); } }上面代碼中,因為new了3個對象,this不同,同步不起作用。這就體現了單例模式的重要性。下面代碼同步起作用,因為只有一個Runnable對象,this相同。public class SaleTicket2 implements Runnable { private int ticket =100; private Object obj = new Object(); @Override public void run() { while(true){ // synchronized (this) { try { Thread.currentThread().sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } show();// } } } public synchronized void show(){// synchronized(obj){ if (ticket > 0) { System.out.println(ticket--); }// } } public static void main(String[] main){ Runnable t = new SaleTicket2(); Thread t1 = new Thread(t); Thread t2 = new Thread(t); Thread t3 = new Thread(t); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); }}
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