昨天做了一個簡易的職工管理項目，每個功能都能正常運行，但是有個缺陷就是不能長期的保存，運行窗口關閉后所有存儲的數據便會都沒有，即沒有文件操作保存在本地，所以今天對噶項目進行了文件操作的修改，一開始個人還覺得修改的地方不會太多，但仔細考慮后還是有很多注意點和修改的地方：

（1）首先就是注冊，每注冊一個職工信息就需要你利用文件操作存入本地的文件中，這里我用了ofstream outfile ，outfile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary | ios::app);outfile.write((char *)&wor,sizeof(wor));outfile.close();有個小注意點就是當往文件里寫數據時傳遞的是一個字符型指針，最后千萬不要忘記關掉打開的文件，當保存好了以后就是要查看信息

（2）查看信息在這個項目可以有兩個選擇，一個是對文件里的內容進行一個一個的讀取，將讀到的東西打印出來，另外一個則是在你注冊的時候將注冊好的信息壓入到vector數組的最后，然后利用vector<Worker>::iterator定義一個指針對類數組中的元素進行遍歷并打印出來，這里我選擇了第一個方案，這樣更符合文件操作的特征

（3）修改職工的信息;將職工的信息從文件里讀取出來很容易，但是想要修改里面的數據就稍微有些復雜了，畢竟要刪除原來的信息將現在修改的信息存入到文件中，一開始自己是想著不如先放到vector的類數組中，也就是用指針來接文件里的內容，試了幾次后行不通才恍然大悟，存入文件的指針和讀取的指針不是同一個類型，沒法讀取到vector中來，只好另外找辦法，也是想了許久才想到可行的方案，就是將原來的文件里內容一個個讀取，并存放到另一個文件里去，同時把修改好的信息也放進另一個文件中，刪掉最初的文件，將新的文件里的內容復制到和原來文件名（又創建）一樣的文件里去，刪掉第二個文件，這樣做才會在不影響其他功能的前提下解決問題

（4）刪除職工的信息:和修改信息一樣，利用兩個文件來進行操作，將刪掉后的所有信息放到第二個文件中，再放到原來的文件里

（5）對職工的薪資進行排序：由于不知道在文件里怎么進行排序，便選擇了將文件里的內容全部放到vector里來，再用sort對vector里的成員進行排序，最后用指針遍歷所有的元素打印出來，但是這樣的操作不會改變文件里的成員排序，畢竟沒有對文件的內容進行操作

下面則是自己文件修改后的代碼（只有對在上一條博客中的plan.cpp里面進行了操作，其余代碼沒有改動）：

#include "plan.h"#include<windows.h>#include <string>#include <iostream>#include <vector>#include <functional>#include <algorithm>#include <time.h>#include <fstream>#include <stdlib.h>using namespace std;char* mytime(){	time_t rawtime;	struct tm * timeinfo;	time ( &rawtime );	timeinfo = localtime ( &rawtime );	return asctime (timeinfo);	}bool mysalary(Worker& wor1, Worker& wor2) //比較職工薪資的大小{	return wor1.salary<wor2.salary;}void Plan::jiemian()       //主菜單界面{	system("cls") ;		system("color 5F");	cout<<endl;	cout<<endl;	cout<<"/t/t****************************************************"<<endl;	cout<<"/t/t*   "<<mytime() ;                                                 	cout<<"/t/t*        請選擇您需要的操作！                      *"<<endl;	cout<<"/t/t*                         (1)添加職工人員          *"<<endl;	cout<<"/t/t*                         (2)刪除職工人員          *"<<endl;	cout<<"/t/t*                         (3)修改職工信息          *"<<endl;		cout<<"/t/t*                         (4)查詢                  *"<<endl;	cout<<"/t/t*                         (5)顯示所有職工個人信息  *"<<endl;	cout<<"/t/t*                         (6)按薪資排名            *"<<endl;	cout<<"/t/t*                         (0)退出                  *"<<endl;		cout<<"/t/t*       選擇相對的括號里的阿拉伯數字!              *"<<endl;	cout<<"/t/t****************************************************";	cout<<endl;	cout<<endl;	return;}void Plan::find(std::vector<Worker> &ver)     //查詢職工信息{	system("cls");	string stucode;	string stuname;	cout<<"請輸入職工工號:";	cin>>stucode;	cout<<endl ;	cout<<"請輸入職工姓名:";	cin>>stuname;	ifstream infile ;	infile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary);		int temper = 1 ;		while(temper)	{	  		Worker *p = new Worker ;		if(infile.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker)))		{					if((p->name == stuname)&&(p->id == stucode))			{				cout<<endl ;				cout<<"職工號:"<<p->id<<"職工姓名:"<<p->name<<" 職工年齡:"<<p->age<<" 性別:"<<p->sex<<" 郵編:"<<p->mail					<<" 部門:"<<p->section<<" 薪資:"<<p->salary<<endl;					free(p) ;				string ii ;				cout<<endl ;				cout<<"返回主界面請按任意鍵：";				cin>>ii ;				return ;			}							}		else		{			temper = 0 ;					}		free(p) ;	}	cout<<endl ;	cout<<"對不起 未找到您所查找的職工"<<endl ;	Sleep(2000) ;	return;}void Plan::list(std::vector<Worker>&ver)  //瀏覽職工個人信息{	system("cls");		ifstream infile ;	infile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary);		int temper = 1 ;		while(temper)	{	  		Worker *p = new Worker ;		if(infile.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker)))		{						cout<<"職工號:"<<p->id<<"職工姓名:"<<p->name<<" 職工年齡:"<<p->age<<" 性別:"<<p->sex<<" 郵編:"<<p->mail				<<" 部門:"<<p->section<<" 薪資:"<<p->salary<<endl;					}		else		{			temper = 0 ;					}		free(p) ;	 }				cout<<endl<<endl<<endl;	string name;	cout<<"按任意鍵返回主界面：";	cin>>name ;	return;}void Plan::edit(std::vector<Worker> &ver)   //修改職工信息{	system("cls");	string stucode;	string stuname;	cout<<"請輸入職工工號:";	cin>>stucode;	cout<<endl ;	cout<<"請輸入職工姓名:";	cin>>stuname;	cout<<endl ;	ifstream infile ;	ofstream outfile1;	infile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary);		int temper1 = 1 ;		int biaozhi = 0 ;	while(temper1)	{	  		Worker *p = new Worker ;		if(infile.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker)))		{							if((p->name == stuname)&&(p->id == stucode))				{					biaozhi = 1 ;					cout<<"原來的信息:"<<endl;					cout<<endl ;					cout<<"職工號:"<<p->id<<"職工姓名:"<<p->name<<" 職工年齡:"<<p->age<<" 性別:"<<p->sex<<" 郵編:"<<p->mail						<<" 部門:"<<p->section<<" 薪資:"<<p->salary<<endl;							cout<<"請輸入新信息："<<endl;					cout<<endl ;					cout<<"請輸入姓名:";					cin>>(*p).name;					cout<<endl ;					cout<<"請輸入年齡：";					cin>>(*p).age;					cout<<endl ;					cout<<"請輸入性別：";					cin>>(*p).sex;					cout<<endl ;					cout<<"請輸入職工號：";					cin>>(*p).id;					cout<<endl ;					cout<<"請輸入職工郵編：";					cin>>(*p).mail;					cout<<endl ;					cout<<"請輸入職工部門：";					cin>>(*p).section;					cout<<endl ;					cout<<"請輸入職工薪資：";					cin>>(*p).salary;					cout<<endl ;					cout<<"系統正在存儲信息,即將返回主界面......"<<endl;					outfile1.open("beifen.txt",ios::binary | ios::app);					outfile1.write((char *)p,sizeof(Worker));					outfile1.close();					free(p);					continue ;				}				outfile1.open("beifen.txt",ios::binary | ios::app);				outfile1.write((char *)p,sizeof(Worker));								outfile1.close();		}		else		{			if(biaozhi == 0)			{				cout<<"對不起 未找到您所要查詢的職工信息,即將返回主界面......";			}			else			{				NULL ;			}			temper1 = 0 ;		}		free(p) ;	}	infile.close() ;	remove("zhigong.txt") ;		ifstream infile1 ;	ofstream outfile2 ;	infile1.open("beifen.txt",ios::binary);		int temper2 = 1 ;		while(temper2)	{	  		Worker *p = new Worker ;		if(infile1.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker)))		{						outfile2.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary | ios::app);			outfile2.write((char *)p,sizeof(Worker));			outfile2.close();			}		else		{			temper2 = 0 ;					}		free(p) ;	}		infile1.close() ;	remove("beifen.txt");			Sleep(3000) ;	return ;}void Plan::del(std::vector<Worker> &ver)    //刪除職工信息{	system("cls");	string stucode;	string stuname;	cout<<"請輸入職工工號:";	cin>>stucode;	cout<<endl ;	cout<<"請輸入職工姓名:";	cin>>stuname;	cout<<endl ;	ifstream infile ;	ofstream outfile1;	infile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary);		int temper1 = 1 ;		int biaozhi1 = 0 ;	while(temper1)	{	  		Worker *p = new Worker ;		if(infile.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker)))		{						if((p->name == stuname)&&(p->id == stucode))			{					biaozhi1 = 1 ;				cout<<endl ;				cout<<"正在刪除，請稍等......";				free(p);				continue ;			}			outfile1.open("beifen.txt",ios::binary | ios::app);			outfile1.write((char *)p,sizeof(Worker));							outfile1.close();		}		else		{			if(biaozhi1 == 0)			{				cout<<endl ;				cout<<"對不起 未找到您所要查詢的職工信息,即將返回主界面......"<<endl;			}			else			{				NULL;			}			temper1 = 0 ;		}		free(p) ;	}	infile.close() ;	remove("zhigong.txt") ;	ifstream infile1 ;	ofstream outfile2 ;	infile1.open("beifen.txt",ios::binary);		int temper2 = 1 ;		while(temper2)	{	  		Worker *p = new Worker ;		if(infile1.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker)))		{						outfile2.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary | ios::app);			outfile2.write((char *)p,sizeof(Worker));			outfile2.close();			}		else		{			temper2 = 0 ;					}		free(p) ;	}		infile1.close() ;	remove("beifen.txt");	Sleep(2000) ;	return;}void Plan::insert(std::vector<Worker> &ver)    //添加職工信息{	system("cls");	Worker wor;	string stucode;	string stuname;	string stusex;	string stuage;	string stumail;	string stusection;	double stusalary;	cout<<"請輸入職工工號:";	cin>>stucode;	cout<<endl ;	cout<<"請輸入職工姓名:";	cin>>stuname;	cout<<endl ;	cout<<"請輸入職工年齡:";	cin>>stuage;	cout<<endl ;	cout<<"請輸入職工性別:";	cin>>stusex;	cout<<endl ;	cout<<"請輸入職工郵編:";	cin>>stumail;	cout<<endl ;	cout<<"請輸入職工部門:";	cin>>stusection;	cout<<endl ;	cout<<"請輸入職工薪資:";	cin>>stusalary;	cout<<endl ;	wor.id=stucode;	wor.name=stuname;	wor.age=stuage;	wor.sex=stusex;	wor.mail=stumail;	wor.section=stusection;	wor.salary=stusalary;	//ver.push_back(wor);	ofstream outfile;	outfile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary | ios::app);	outfile.write((char *)&wor,sizeof(wor));	outfile.close();	//文件操作	//ofstream outfile("zhigong.txt",ios::out) ;	//if(!outfile)	//{	//	cerr<<"打開失敗!"<<endl;	//	return ;	//}		//outfile<<wor.id<<" ";	//outfile<<wor.name<<" ";	//outfile<<wor.age<<" ";	//outfile<<wor.sex<<" ";	//outfile<<wor.mail<<" ";	//outfile<<wor.section<<" ";	//outfile<<wor.salary<<" ";	//outfile.close();	cout<<"系統正在存儲信息,即將返回主界面......"<<endl;	Sleep(3000) ;	return;}void Plan::st(std::vector<Worker>&ver)   //按職工薪資排名{	system("cls") ;	ifstream infile ;	infile.open("zhigong.txt",ios::binary);		int temper = 1 ;		while(temper)	{	  		Worker *p = new Worker ;		if(infile.read((char *)p,sizeof(Worker)))		{				Worker wor ;			wor.id=p->id;			wor.name=p->name;			wor.age=p->age;			wor.sex=p->sex;			wor.mail=p->mail;			wor.section=p->section;			wor.salary=p->salary;			ver.push_back(wor);		}		else		{			temper = 0 ;					}		free(p) ;	}	std::sort(ver.begin(), ver.end(), mysalary);//默認的sort函數是按升序排     	vector<Worker>::iterator  i;	for(i=ver.begin(); i!=ver.end(); i++)	{		cout<<"職工號:"<<(*i).id<<"職工姓名:"<<(*i).name<<" 職工年齡:"<<(*i).age<<" 性別:"<<(*i).sex<<" 郵編:"<<(*i).mail			<<" 部門:"<<(*i).section<<" 薪資:"<<(*i).salary<<endl;		}	cout<<endl<<endl<<endl;	string name;	cout<<"按任意鍵返回主界面：";	cin>>name ;	return;}