一.CocoaPods是什么?
CocoaPods是一個用Ruby寫的、負責(zé)管理iOS項目中第三方開源庫的工具,CocoaPods能讓我們集中的、統(tǒng)一管理第三方開源庫,為我們節(jié)省設(shè)置和更新第三方開源庫的時間。
因為Mac電腦自帶Ruby環(huán)境,我們就只需打開終端開始動手。
ruby 的軟件源( https://rubygems.org )使用的是亞馬遜的云服務(wù),所以自帶的需要翻墻,但我們可以使用如下代碼將官方的 ruby 源替換成國內(nèi)淘寶的源(https://ruby.taobao.org/ )或者是由 Ruby China 社區(qū)專注維護的這個源(https://gems.ruby-china.org/ )。(我在鏡像的時候開始用的是淘寶的,但會卡死,可能是不能用了,也可能是網(wǎng)速慢,在后面講“坑”的時候會說)。在這我用的是Ruby China 社區(qū)專注維護的這個源(https://gems.ruby-china.org/)。
##(注意:復(fù)制別人的命令時不要將$也復(fù)制,終端是一直自動帶著的)*首先,執(zhí)行以下命令刪除原來的ruby源:
gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/執(zhí)行命令后可在終端看見以下信息:
https://rubygems.org/ removed from sources*然后下一步添加你找到的可用的鏡像源(這里我沒有用淘寶的源:https://ruby.taobao.org/ ):
gem sources -a https://gems.ruby-china.org/*驗證新源是否替換成功
gem sources -l終端輸出:
*** CURRENT SOURCES *** https://gems.ruby-china.org/到此ruby 源替已經(jīng)換成國內(nèi)的源
(2)、開始安裝 CocoaPods
其實就是執(zhí)行sudo gem install cocoapods命令這么簡單,但這一步是最容易出現(xiàn)坑的。
=========可能出現(xiàn)的狀況(坑)=========
問題一:While executing gem ... (Errno::EPERM) Operation not permitted - /usr/bin/fuzzy_match 錯誤
解決方案 :
執(zhí)行sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods 語句。然后提示gems installed即可。問題二:Error installing pods:active support requires Ruby version >= 2.2.2
解決方案 :
查看ruby版本
$ruby -v終端會輸出你的ruby 版本信息
查看目前的所有ruby版本:
$rvm list known如果提示command not found 請先安裝rvm
$curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable如果已安裝會列出所有的ruby版本:
MRI Rubies[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420][ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431][ruby-]1.9.2[-p330][ruby-]1.9.3[-p551][ruby-]2.0.0[-p648][ruby-]2.1[.8][ruby-]2.2[.4][ruby-]2.3[.0][ruby-]2.2-headruby-head......安裝2.2.2:
$rvm install 2.2.2終端運行結(jié)果:(如果直接成功請繞過homebrew的卸載安裝)
Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.Found remote file https://rvm_io.global.ssl.fastly.net/binaries/osx/10.11/x86_64/ruby-2.2.2.tar.bz2Checking requirements for osx.About to install Homebrew, PRess `Enter` for default installation in `/usr/local`,type new path if you wish custom Homebrew installation (the path needs to be writable for user):回車:
It appears Homebrew is already installed. If your intent is to reinstall youshould do the following before running this installer again:ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL "The current contents of /usr/local are .gitRequirements installation failed with status: 1.出現(xiàn)Requirements installation failed with status: 1.時才執(zhí)行:
$ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"卸載home-brew
Warning: This scr再執(zhí)行:$ rvm install 2.2.2提示:
Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.Found remote file https://rvm_io.global.ssl.fastly.net/binaries/osx/10.11/x86_64/ruby-2.2.2.tar.bz2Checking requirements for osx.About to install Homebrew, press `Enter` for default installation in `/usr/local`,type new path if you wish custom Homebrew installation (the path needs to be writable for user):按回車:
==> This script will install:/usr/local/bin/brew/usr/local/Library/.../usr/local/share/doc/homebrew/usr/local/share/man/man1/brew.1/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/brewPress RETURN to continue or any other key to abort==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir /Library/Caches/HomebrewPassWord:這里需要輸入電腦密碼:
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /Library/Caches/Homebrew==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown haha /Library/Caches/Homebrew==> Downloading and installing Homebrew...remote: Counting objects: 501, done.remote: Compressing objects: 100% (445/445), done.remote: Total 501 (delta 29), reused 360 (delta 27), pack-reused 0Receiving objects: 100% (501/501), 787.83 KiB | 169.00 KiB/s, done.Resolving deltas: 100% (29/29), done.From https://github.com/Homebrew/brew * [new branch] master -> origin/masterHEAD is now at 32f7e73 download_strategy: ensure fixed commit hash length==> Tapping homebrew/coreCloning into '/usr/local/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core'...remote: Counting objects: 3714, done.remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3598/3598), done.remote: Total 3714 (delta 14), reused 2112 (delta 6), pack-reused 0Receiving objects: 100% (3714/3714), 2.88 MiB | 240.00 KiB/s, done.Resolving deltas: 100% (14/14), done.Checking connectivity... done.Checking out files: 100% (3717/3717), done.Tapped 3591 formulae (3,740 files, 9.0M)==> Installation successful!==> Next stepsRun `brew help` to get startedFurther documentation: https://git.io/brew-docs==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate user behaviour analyticsRead the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:https://git.io/brew-analyticsInstalling requirements for osx.Updating system.....Installing required packages: autoconf, automake, libtool, pkg-config, libyaml, readline, libksba, openssl........Certificates in '/usr/local/etc/openssl/cert.pem' are already up to date.Requirements installation successful.ruby-2.2.2 - #configureruby-2.2.2 - #download % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed100 6854k 100 6854k 0 0 61342 0 0:01:54 0:01:54 --:--:-- 132kruby-2.2.2 - #validate archiveruby-2.2.2 - #extractruby-2.2.2 - #validate binaryruby-2.2.2 - #setupruby-2.2.2 - #gemset created /Users/haha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2@globalruby-2.2.2 - #importing gemset /Users/haha/.rvm/gemsets/global.gems..............................ruby-2.2.2 - #generating global wrappers........ruby-2.2.2 - #gemset created /Users/haha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2ruby-2.2.2 - #importing gemsetfile /Users/haha/.rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem listruby-2.2.2 - #generating default wrappers........Updating certificates in '/etc/openssl/cert.pem'.mkdir: /etc/openssl: Permission deniedmkdir -p "/etc/openssl" failed, retrying with sudohaha password required for 'mkdir -p /etc/openssl': and sudo mkdir worked至此ruby2.2.2就安裝好了,也可以直接安裝更高的版本,只需將版本號修改一下
然后我們繼續(xù)sudo gem install cocoapods
問題三、Setting up CocoaPods master repo 卡著不動
出現(xiàn)Setting up CocoaPods master repo,說明Cocoapods正在將它的信息下載到 ~/.cocoapods里;(這一步是很費時間的,等輸出Setup completed 安裝完成啦)在此過程中可以右擊終端選 --->新建窗口;在新建的終端窗口輸入:
cd ~/.cocoapods進入cocoa pods文件,然后在終端輸入:
du -sh *即可查看下載的文件大小。也就可以知道是網(wǎng)速不好,還是源不可用了。
解決方案 :
1、第一次我用淘寶的https://ruby.taobao.org/ 替換自帶的軟件源,du -sh *查看下載的文件大小,一直不變(不知道是網(wǎng)速的原因,還是淘寶這個源不可用)。然后我就換到這個源https://gems.ruby-china.org/ 。重新搞了一遍。它的下載速度還是蠻快的,文件大約是800多兆。
2、也可以使用cocoapods的鏡像索引.所有項目的Podspec文件都托管在https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs ,第一次執(zhí)行pod setup時,CocoaPods會將這些podspec索引文件更新到本地的~/.cocoapods目錄下,這個索引文件比較大,所以第一次更新時非常慢.友好人士在國內(nèi)的服務(wù)器建立了Cocoapods索引庫的鏡像,所以執(zhí)行索引跟新操作時候會快很多.具體操作方法如下: $ pod repo remove master $ git clone https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git ~/.cocoapods/repos/master $ pod repo update這是使用gitcafe上的鏡像,將以上代碼中的 https://gitcafe.com/akuandev/Specs.git 替換成 https://git.oschina.net/akuandev/Specs.git 即可使用oschina上的鏡像。
問題四、出現(xiàn)如下
[!] An error occurred while performing `git pull` on repo `master`.[!] /usr/bin/git pull --ff-only原因: Cocoapods的分支不支持當(dāng)前最新的Xcode版本
解決辦法: 刪除master分支 重新建立新的分支
sudo rm -fr ~/.cocoapods/repos/master然后再: pod setup
第五個問題是在別人的博客中看到的
問題五:解決升級EI Capiton CocoaPods "pod: command not found"
升級OS X EI Capiton之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)CocoaPods的pod無效了,運行pod后顯示:"pod: command not found"的錯誤。
解決步驟:
1.為了安全起見,執(zhí)行命令"sudo gem uninstall cocoapods",卸載原有的CocoaPod2.執(zhí)行命令"sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods"來重新安裝cocoapod3.如果沒有權(quán)限執(zhí)行pod,執(zhí)行命令"sudo chmod +rx /usr/local/bin/",賦予/usr/local/bin給予執(zhí)行與讀取權(quán)限原文鏈接:http://www.jianshu.com/p/6ff1903c3f11
三、CocoaPods的使用
(1)查找第三方庫
pod search AFNetworking(2)、創(chuàng)建Podfile文件在終端使用cd +路徑切換到項目所在文件下,然后輸入:
touch Podfile就可以在項目目錄里看到Podfile文件。也可以使用
pod init來創(chuàng)建,打開Podfile文件:
open Podfile然后 pod install就可以了
(3)、 刪除已經(jīng)配置的類庫和移除CocoaPods可以去查看http://www.jianshu.com/p/552f21a989ba?utm_source=tuicool&utm_medium=referral 這篇文章。
pod install與pod update區(qū)別:
1.使用pod install來安裝新的庫,即使你的工程里面已經(jīng)有了Podfile,并且已經(jīng)執(zhí)行過pod install命令了;所以即使你是添加或移除庫,都應(yīng)該使用pod install。2.使用pod update [PODNAME] 只有在你需要更新庫到更新的版本時候用。
小技巧:
最近使用CocoaPods來添加第三方類庫,無論是執(zhí)行pod install還是pod update都卡在了Analyzing dependencies不動原因在于當(dāng)執(zhí)行以上兩個命令的時候會升級CocoaPods的spec倉庫,加一個參數(shù)可以省略這一步,然后速度就會提升不少。加參數(shù)的命令如下:
pod install --verbose --no-repo-updatepod update --verbose --no-repo-update參考資料:http://blog.csdn.net/u012960049/article/details/52275272http://blog.devtang.com/2014/05/25/use-cocoapod-to-manage-ios-lib-dependency/
切換到當(dāng)前Xcode:
sudo xcode-select --switch /applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/
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