前言
Linux守護進程是Linux的后臺服務進程，相當于Windows服務，對于為Linux開發服務程序的朋友來說，Linux守護進程相關技術是必不可少的，因為這個技術不僅僅是為了開發守護進程，還可以拓展到多進程，父子進程文件描述符共享，父子進程通訊、控制等方面，是實現Linux大型服務的基礎技術之一。
如果要在Red Hat Enterprise Linux上將.NET Core進程作為后臺進程運行，則可以創建自定義systemd單元。今天我將為.NET Core編寫兩個自定義系統單元的例子。一個是運行.NET Core控制臺應用程序的一種類型，另一個是運行ASP.NET Core Web應用程序的簡單類型。
控制臺應用程序
建立一個應用程序
您可以用dotnet run在systemd中使用指定項目目錄作為工作目錄。但是，我們來構建一個二進制文件并將其用于systemd。用dotnet new 命令創建您的項目后編輯Program.cs如下。
using System;using System.IO;namespace ConsoleApplication{ public class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { var path = Path.GetTempFileName(); File.WriteAllText(path, "Hello Temp File!"); Console.WriteLine($"Wrote temp file: {path}"); } }}然后用dotnet publish命令發布項目。你會看到bin/<Configuration>/<Framework>目錄下的二進制文件。
$ dotnet publish -c ReleasePublishing ConsoleApp for .NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1Project ConsoleApp (.NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1) was previously compiled. Skipping compilation.publish: Published to /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publishPublished 1/1 projects successfully
創建一個自定義的systemd
首先，創建一個運行守護進程和工作目錄的用戶。
$ sudo useradd -s /sbin/nologin dotnetuser$ sudo mkdir /var/SystemdExample$ sudo cp /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/* /var/SystemdExample$ sudo chown -R dotnetuser:dotnetuser /var/SystemdExample
然后在/etc/systemd/system/目錄下創建一個自定義的systemd單元文件。文件名應該是<unit-name>.<unit-type>。我創建的目錄和文件名為：/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service。
[Unit]Description=Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemdDefaultDependencies=no [Service]Type=oneshotRemainAfterExit=noExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dllWorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdExampleUser=dotnetuserGroup=dotnetuser [install]
您應該在ExecStart中指定dotnet的完整路徑。以上是紅帽提供的.NET Core 1.1的情況。然后你可以用systemctl命令執行守護進程。您可以使用systemctl status命令或journalctl命令查看控制臺輸出。
$ sudo systemctl start netcore-console-example.service$ sudo systemctl status netcore-console-example.service● netcore-console-example.service - Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2017-02-24 00:29:16 JST; 13s ago Process: 18075 ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 18075 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd...Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18075]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmpFeb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd. $ journalctl -u netcore-console-example.service -eFeb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd...Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18075]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmpFeb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd.$ sudo cat /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmpHello Temp File!
使用PrivateTemp
在上述系統單元中，程序在臨時文件夾下寫入一個文件。你有時想寫一個來自其他用戶的臨時文件是安全的。您可以在[Service]section中的指定使用PrivateTemp。
[Service]Type=oneshotRemainAfterExit=noExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dllWorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdExampleUser=dotnetuserGroup=dotnetuserPrivateTemp=true
重新加載單元文件后，程序可以像前一樣訪問/tmp目錄，但這不是實際的/tmp目錄。
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload $ sudo systemctl start netcore-console-example.service$ sudo systemctl status netcore-console-example.service● netcore-console-example.service - Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2017-02-24 00:35:46 JST; 12s ago Process: 18415 ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 18415 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd...Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18415]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmpFeb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd.$ ls /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmpls: cannot access /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp: No such file or directory
Web應用程序
建立一個應用程序
現在我們來構建一個ASP.NET Core Web應用程序。今天我使用默認的模板項目。
$ dotnet new -t webCreated new C# project in /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp.$ dotnet restore ** snipped**log : Restore completed in 9721ms.$ dotnet publish -c ReleasePublishing WebApp for .NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1** snipped **publish: Published to /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publishPublished 1/1 projects successfully
現在可以用dotnet命令運行。
$ dotnet bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/WebApp.dll info: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DataProtectionServices[0] User profile is available. Using '/home/tatanaka/.aspnet/DataProtection-Keys' as key repository; keys will not be encrypted at rest.Hosting environment: ProductionContent root path: /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebAppNow listening on: http://localhost:5000Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
創建一個自定義的systemd
為這個Web應用程序也指定dotnetuser名稱。
$ sudo mkdir /var/SystemdExample$ sudo cp -R bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/* /var/SystemdWebExample$ sudo chown -R dotnetuser:dotnetuser /var/SystemdWebExample
然后創建一個自定義的systemd單元文件/etc/systemd/system/netcore-web-example.service。
[Unit]Description=Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemdDefaultDependencies=noWants=network.target # network is requiredAfter=network.target [Service]ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet WebApp.dllWorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdWebExampleRestart=alwaysRestartSec=10 # Restart service after 10 seconds if dotnet service crashesSyslogIdentifier=dotnet-exampleUser=dotnetuserGroup=dotnetuserPrivateTmp=trueEnvironment=ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Production # specify environment variable for environmentEnvironment=ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://*:8080 # specify environement variable for listening port [Install]WantedBy = multi-user.target
最后，您可以將ASP.NET Core應用程序作為Linux守護程序運行。請注意，此應用程序偵聽端口8080代替了ASP.NET Core 默認的 5000，因為我在ASPNETCORE_URLS單元文件中指定了環境變量 。
$ systemctl start netcore-web-example.service[tatanaka@localhost WebApp]$ systemc^C[tatanaka@localhost WebApp]$ sudo systemctl status netcore-web-example.service[sudo] password for tatanaka: ● netcore-web-example.service - Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-web-example.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-02-25 01:02:12 JST; 11s ago Main PID: 7041 (dotnet) CGroup: /system.slice/netcore-web-example.service └─7041 /opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet WebApp.dll Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd.Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd...Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DataProtectionServices[0]Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: User profile is available. Using '/home/dotnetuser/.aspnet/DataProtection-Keys' as key repository; keys will not be encrypted at rest.Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Hosting environment: ProductionFeb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Content root path: /var/SystemdWebExampleFeb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Now listening on: http://*:8080Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down. $ journalctl -u netcore-web-example -xf-- Logs begin at Mon 2017-02-20 11:58:31 JST. --Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware[2]Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Sending file. Request path: '/images/banner4.svg'. Physical path: '/var/SystemdWebExample/wwwroot/images/banner4.svg'Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[2]Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request finished in 0.1973ms 200 image/svg+xmlFeb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[1]Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request starting HTTP/1.1 GET http://localhost:8080/favicon.icoFeb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware[2]Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Sending file. Request path: '/favicon.ico'. Physical path: '/var/SystemdWebExample/wwwroot/favicon.ico'Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[2]Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request finished in 0.5824ms 200 image/x-icon
然而這對于ASP.NET Core的生產使用來說是不夠的。你可能需要設置一個反向代理服務器，比如Jexus,nginx，防火墻等等。
總結
以上就是這篇文章的全部內容了，希望本文的內容對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值，如果有疑問大家可以留言交流，謝謝大家對VEVB武林網的支持。
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