本章我們要制作一個俄羅斯方塊游戲。

Tetris

譯注：稱呼：方塊是由四個小方格組成的

俄羅斯方塊游戲是世界上最流行的游戲之一。是由一名叫Alexey Pajitnov的俄羅斯程序員在1985年制作的，從那時起，這個游戲就風靡了各個游戲平臺。

俄羅斯方塊歸類為下落塊迷宮游戲。游戲有7個基本形狀：S、Z、T、L、反向L、直線、方塊，每個形狀都由4個方塊組成，方塊最終都會落到屏幕底部。所以玩家通過控制形狀的左右位置和旋轉，讓每個形狀都以合適的位置落下，如果有一行全部被方塊填充，這行就會消失，并且得分。游戲結束的條件是有形狀接觸到了屏幕頂部。

方塊展示：

PyQt5是專門為創建圖形界面產生的，里面一些專門為制作游戲而開發的組件，所以PyQt5是能制作小游戲的。

制作電腦游戲也是提高自己編程能力的一種很好的方式。

開發

沒有圖片，所以就自己用繪畫畫出來幾個圖形。每個游戲里都有數學模型的，這個也是。

開工之前：

代碼由四個類組成：Tetris, Board, Tetrominoe和Shape。Tetris類創建游戲，Board是游戲主要邏輯。Tetrominoe包含了所有的磚塊，Shape是所有磚塊的代碼。

#!/usr/bin/python3# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial This is a Tetris game clone.Author: Jan BodnarWebsite: zetcode.com Last edited: August 2017"""from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QFrame, QDesktopWidget, QApplicationfrom PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QBasicTimer, pyqtSignalfrom PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor import sys, randomclass Tetris(QMainWindow):    def __init__(self):    super().__init__()        self.initUI()          def initUI(self):      '''initiates application UI'''    self.tboard = Board(self)    self.setCentralWidget(self.tboard)    self.statusbar = self.statusBar()        self.tboard.msg2Statusbar[str].connect(self.statusbar.showMessage)        self.tboard.start()        self.resize(180, 380)    self.center()    self.setWindowTitle('Tetris')        self.show()      def center(self):    '''centers the window on the screen'''        screen = QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()    size = self.geometry()    self.move((screen.width()-size.width())/2,       (screen.height()-size.height())/2)    class Board(QFrame):    msg2Statusbar = pyqtSignal(str)    BoardWidth = 10  BoardHeight = 22  Speed = 300  def __init__(self, parent):    super().__init__(parent)        self.initBoard()          def initBoard(self):       '''initiates board'''    self.timer = QBasicTimer()    self.isWaitingAfterLine = False        self.curX = 0    self.curY = 0    self.numLinesRemoved = 0    self.board = []    self.setFocusPolicy(Qt.StrongFocus)    self.isStarted = False    self.isPaused = False    self.clearBoard()          def shapeAt(self, x, y):    '''determines shape at the board position'''        return self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x]      def setShapeAt(self, x, y, shape):    '''sets a shape at the board'''        self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x] = shape      def squareWidth(self):    '''returns the width of one square'''        return self.contentsRect().width() // Board.BoardWidth      def squareHeight(self):    '''returns the height of one square'''        return self.contentsRect().height() // Board.BoardHeight      def start(self):    '''starts game'''        if self.isPaused:      return    self.isStarted = True    self.isWaitingAfterLine = False    self.numLinesRemoved = 0    self.clearBoard()    self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))    self.newPiece()    self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)      def pause(self):    '''pauses game'''        if not self.isStarted:      return    self.isPaused = not self.isPaused        if self.isPaused:      self.timer.stop()      self.msg2Statusbar.emit("paused")          else:      self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)      self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))    self.update()      def paintEvent(self, event):    '''paints all shapes of the game'''        painter = QPainter(self)    rect = self.contentsRect()    boardTop = rect.bottom() - Board.BoardHeight * self.squareHeight()    for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):      for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):        shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1)                if shape != Tetrominoe.NoShape:          self.drawSquare(painter,            rect.left() + j * self.squareWidth(),            boardTop + i * self.squareHeight(), shape)    if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoe.NoShape:            for i in range(4):                x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)        y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)        self.drawSquare(painter, rect.left() + x * self.squareWidth(),          boardTop + (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(),          self.curPiece.shape())            def keyPressEvent(self, event):    '''processes key press events'''        if not self.isStarted or self.curPiece.shape() == Tetrominoe.NoShape:      super(Board, self).keyPressEvent(event)      return    key = event.key()        if key == Qt.Key_P:      self.pause()      return          if self.isPaused:      return            elif key == Qt.Key_Left:      self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX - 1, self.curY)          elif key == Qt.Key_Right:      self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX + 1, self.curY)          elif key == Qt.Key_Down:      self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateRight(), self.curX, self.curY)          elif key == Qt.Key_Up:      self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateLeft(), self.curX, self.curY)          elif key == Qt.Key_Space:      self.dropDown()          elif key == Qt.Key_D:      self.oneLineDown()          else:      super(Board, self).keyPressEvent(event)          def timerEvent(self, event):    '''handles timer event'''        if event.timerId() == self.timer.timerId():            if self.isWaitingAfterLine:        self.isWaitingAfterLine = False        self.newPiece()      else:        self.oneLineDown()            else:      super(Board, self).timerEvent(event)        def clearBoard(self):    '''clears shapes from the board'''        for i in range(Board.BoardHeight * Board.BoardWidth):      self.board.append(Tetrominoe.NoShape)      def dropDown(self):    '''drops down a shape'''        newY = self.curY        while newY > 0:            if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, newY - 1):        break              newY -= 1    self.pieceDropped()      def oneLineDown(self):    '''goes one line down with a shape'''        if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY - 1):      self.pieceDropped()        def pieceDropped(self):    '''after dropping shape, remove full lines and create new shape'''        for i in range(4):            x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)      y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)      self.setShapeAt(x, y, self.curPiece.shape())    self.removeFullLines()    if not self.isWaitingAfterLine:      self.newPiece()        def removeFullLines(self):    '''removes all full lines from the board'''        numFullLines = 0    rowsToRemove = []    for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):            n = 0      for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):        if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoe.NoShape:          n = n + 1      if n == 10:        rowsToRemove.append(i)    rowsToRemove.reverse()        for m in rowsToRemove:            for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight):        for l in range(Board.BoardWidth):            self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k + 1))    numFullLines = numFullLines + len(rowsToRemove)    if numFullLines > 0:            self.numLinesRemoved = self.numLinesRemoved + numFullLines      self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))              self.isWaitingAfterLine = True      self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)      self.update()        def newPiece(self):    '''creates a new shape'''        self.curPiece = Shape()    self.curPiece.setRandomShape()    self.curX = Board.BoardWidth // 2 + 1    self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 + self.curPiece.minY()        if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY):            self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)      self.timer.stop()      self.isStarted = False      self.msg2Statusbar.emit("Game over")  def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY):    '''tries to move a shape'''        for i in range(4):            x = newX + newPiece.x(i)      y = newY - newPiece.y(i)            if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight:        return False              if self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoe.NoShape:        return False    self.curPiece = newPiece    self.curX = newX    self.curY = newY    self.update()        return True      def drawSquare(self, painter, x, y, shape):    '''draws a square of a shape'''            colorTable = [0x000000, 0xCC6666, 0x66CC66, 0x6666CC,           0xCCCC66, 0xCC66CC, 0x66CCCC, 0xDAAA00]    color = QColor(colorTable[shape])    painter.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, self.squareWidth() - 2,       self.squareHeight() - 2, color)    painter.setPen(color.lighter())    painter.drawLine(x, y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x, y)    painter.drawLine(x, y, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y)    painter.setPen(color.darker())    painter.drawLine(x + 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1,      x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1)    painter.drawLine(x + self.squareWidth() - 1,       y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + 1)class Tetrominoe(object):    NoShape = 0  ZShape = 1  SShape = 2  LineShape = 3  TShape = 4  SquareShape = 5  LShape = 6  MirroredLShape = 7class Shape(object):    coordsTable = (    ((0, 0),   (0, 0),   (0, 0),   (0, 0)),    ((0, -1),  (0, 0),   (-1, 0),  (-1, 1)),    ((0, -1),  (0, 0),   (1, 0),   (1, 1)),    ((0, -1),  (0, 0),   (0, 1),   (0, 2)),    ((-1, 0),  (0, 0),   (1, 0),   (0, 1)),    ((0, 0),   (1, 0),   (0, 1),   (1, 1)),    ((-1, -1),  (0, -1),  (0, 0),   (0, 1)),    ((1, -1),  (0, -1),  (0, 0),   (0, 1))  )  def __init__(self):        self.coords = [[0,0] for i in range(4)]    self.pieceShape = Tetrominoe.NoShape    self.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)      def shape(self):    '''returns shape'''        return self.pieceShape      def setShape(self, shape):    '''sets a shape'''        table = Shape.coordsTable[shape]        for i in range(4):      for j in range(2):        self.coords[i][j] = table[i][j]    self.pieceShape = shape      def setRandomShape(self):    '''chooses a random shape'''        self.setShape(random.randint(1, 7))      def x(self, index):    '''returns x coordinate'''        return self.coords[index][0]      def y(self, index):    '''returns y coordinate'''        return self.coords[index][1]      def setX(self, index, x):    '''sets x coordinate'''        self.coords[index][0] = x      def setY(self, index, y):    '''sets y coordinate'''        self.coords[index][1] = y      def minX(self):    '''returns min x value'''        m = self.coords[0][0]    for i in range(4):      m = min(m, self.coords[i][0])    return m      def maxX(self):    '''returns max x value'''        m = self.coords[0][0]    for i in range(4):      m = max(m, self.coords[i][0])    return m      def minY(self):    '''returns min y value'''        m = self.coords[0][1]    for i in range(4):      m = min(m, self.coords[i][1])    return m      def maxY(self):    '''returns max y value'''        m = self.coords[0][1]    for i in range(4):      m = max(m, self.coords[i][1])    return m      def rotateLeft(self):    '''rotates shape to the left'''        if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:      return self    result = Shape()    result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape        for i in range(4):            result.setX(i, self.y(i))      result.setY(i, -self.x(i))    return result      def rotateRight(self):    '''rotates shape to the right'''        if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:      return self    result = Shape()    result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape        for i in range(4):            result.setX(i, -self.y(i))      result.setY(i, self.x(i))    return resultif __name__ == '__main__':    app = QApplication([])  tetris = Tetris()    sys.exit(app.exec_())